1136 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



18. Phagus contumax spec. TOov. From 

 Latin contumax, refractory, in reference 

 to ability of this bacteriophage to with- 

 stand heating sufficient to destroy accom- 

 panying host cells. 



Common name : Erwinia aroideae bac- 

 teriophage. 



Host : Erwinia aroideae Holland. 



Insusceptible species : Agrohacterium 

 iumefaciens Conn, Bacterium formosanum 

 Okabe, Erwinia carotovora Holland, 

 Pseudomonas andropogoni Stapp, P. 

 solanacearum Smith, P. tomato Burk- 

 holder, Xanthomonas campestris Dowson, 

 X. citri Dowson, X. malvacearum Dow- 

 son, X. nakatae Dowson, X. phaseoli 

 Dowson, X. ricinicola Dowson. 



Geographical distribution : Formosa 

 (Taiwan). 



Induced disease : Very small plaques, 

 0.1 to 1.0 mm (mostly less than 0.5 mm) 

 in diameter. 



Thermal inactivation : Resists heating 

 at 60° C for 30 minutes without appreci- 

 able loss of titer, but host organism is 

 killed by this treatment. 



Other properties : Optimum tempera- 

 ture for increase, about 25° C. This bac- 

 teriophage may be prepared by heating 

 centrifuged cultures at 60° C for 30 min- 

 utes as efficiently as by filtration to re- 

 move bacteria. 



Literature: Matsumoto, Trans. Nat. 

 Hist. Soc. Formosa, 29, 1939, 317-338; 

 SO, 1940, 89-98; 31, 1941, 145-154; Mat- 

 sumoto and Sawada, ibid., 28, 1938, 

 247-256. 



19. Phagus maidis H. (loc. cit., 152). 

 From New Latin 77iais, corn (maize), 

 host of Bacterium stewarti. 



Common name : Bacterium stewarti 

 bacteriophage; Phytomonas stewarti bac- 

 teriophage; Aplanobacter stewarti bac- 

 teriophage. 



Host: Bacterium stewarti E. F. Smith 

 (= Pseudomonas stewarti E. F. Smith, 

 Phytomonas stewarti Bergey et al. and 

 Aplanobacter stewarti McCulloch). 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States. 



Induced disease : In Bacterium ste- 

 warti, variation or loss of yellow color, 

 change of viscosity of growth, reduction 

 or loss of virulence. Infection of corn 

 plants by seed-borne Bacterium stewarti 

 is much reduced by treating seeds with 

 this bacteriophage before they are 

 planted. 



Thermal inactivation : Above 65° C in 

 30 minutes. 



Other properties : Infective in dilu- 

 tions to 10"^. Soon lost from cultures 

 maintained at pH 3.85 to 4.00, or on 

 Ivanoff's medium, which contains oxidiz- 

 ing compounds. 



Literature: Thomas, Phytopath., 25, 

 1935, 371-372; Science, 88, 1938, 56-57; 

 Phytopath., 30, 1940, 602-611. 



20. Phagus enteritidis H. {loc. cit., 

 153). From name of host. 



Conunon names : Salmonella enteritidis 

 bacteriophage 1, 12, or 33; Group A bac- 

 teriophages. 



Hosts : Salmonella enteritidis Castellani 

 and Chalmers, *S'. gallinarum Bergey ct 

 al., Shigella diisetiicriae Castellani and 

 Chalmers. 



Induced disease : Plaques of medium 

 size, usually with surrounding translu- 

 cent halo. 



Immunological relationships : Member 

 of Resistance Group A; host individuals 

 that have acquired resistance to this 

 bacteriophage are resistant to lines 12 

 and 33, but susceptible to Salmonella 

 enteritidis bacteriophages 8, 20, and 11, 

 as well as to other strains of Resistance 

 Groups B, C, and D. 



Literature: Burnet, Jour. Path, and 

 Bact., 32, 1929, 15-42. 



21. Phagus commutabilis H. (loc. cit., 

 153). From Latin commutabilis, vari- 

 able, in reference to differences within 

 Resistance Group B, typified by this bac- 

 teriophage. 



Common names : Salmonella enteritidis 

 bacteriophage 8, 18, 28, 31, 34, 38; Group 

 B bacteriophages. 



Hosts : Salmonella enteritidis Castellani 



