1150 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



BENACEAE — Stachytarpheta indica 

 Vahl, and APOCYN ACEAE—Vinca ro- 

 sea L. 



Geographical distribution : South 

 India. 



Induced disease : In sandal, abnormally 

 profuse blooming at first, suppression of 

 blooming later; reduction in leaf size and 

 internode length; death ensues in the 

 third year or earlier. In all but the 

 youngest leaves of affected branches, 

 vacuolate intracellular bodies with defi- 

 nite peripheral membrane, 4 to 9 microns 

 in maximum diameter, are found. 



Transmission: By twig grafts, inserted 

 buds, and patch grafts, with success de- 

 creasing in the order named. Prepatent 

 period 3 to 4 months. Best results in 

 May and June ; poorest in October. Per- 

 haps through seeds, but not through 

 pollen of diseased plants. Insect trans- 

 mission claimed, but species not identi- 

 fied. Reported transmission by Moonia 

 alhimaculata (CICADELLIDAE) re- 

 quires further confirmation. Not by 

 inoculation of expressed juice. Not by 

 root grafts. 



Literature : Coleman, Mysore Dept. 

 Agr., Mycol. Ser., Bull. 3, 1917; Indian 

 Forester, 49, 1923, 6-9; Dover, ibid., 60, 

 1934, 505-506; Narasimhan, Phytopath., 

 23, 1933, 191-202 ; Rangaswami and Sreen- 

 vasaya. Current Science, 4, 1935, 17-19; 

 Sreenvasaya, Nature, 126, 1930, 957; 

 Venkata Rao and Gopala Iyengar, Mysore 

 Sandal Spike Invest. Comm., Bull. 4, 

 1934, 1-12; Indian Forester, 60, 1934, 

 689-701. 



6. Chlorogenus vaccinii H. {loc. cit., 

 10) . From New Latin Vacciniuvi , generic 

 designation of cranberry. 



Common names : Cranberry false-blos- 

 som virus, Wisconsin false-blossom virus. 



Hosts : ERICACEAE — Vaccinium nia- 

 crocarpon Ait., cranberry; V. oxycoccus 

 L. Experimentally, also APOCYNA- 

 CEAE — Vinca rosea L., periwinkle. 

 COMPOSIT AE—Calend\ila officinalis 

 L., calendula. SOLAN ACE AE—Lyco- 

 persicon esculentuvi Mill., tomato; Nico- 



tiana glutinosa L.; N. tabacum L., to- 

 bacco; Solanum tuberosum L., potato. 



Geographical distribution : Eastern 

 United States and Canada. It is be- 

 lieved that the virus does not spread in 

 bogs with alkaline (pH 7.4 to 8.8) flooding 

 water in Wisconsin though it spreads 

 rapidly in the more productive bogs with 

 nearly neutral (pH 6.0 to 7.0) flooding 

 water. 



Induced disease : In cranberry, flowers 

 erect, instead of pendent as in healthy 

 plants; calyx lobes enlarged, petals short, 

 streaked with red and green, stamens and 

 pistils abnormal. Flowers may be re- 

 placed by leaves or short branches. Dor- 

 mancy of axillary buds is broken, pro- 

 ducing numerous erect shoots, forming a 

 witches' broom. Diseased fruits small, 

 irregular in shape, erect. 



Transmission : By leafhopper, Ophiola 

 striatula (Fall.) ( = Euscelis striatulus 

 (Fall.)) {CICADELLIDAE). Not by 

 inoculation of expressed juice. By dod- 

 der, Cuscuta campestris Yuncker (CON- 

 VOLVULACEAE). 



Thermal inactivation : At 40° C in 2 

 weeks in tissues of periwinkle. 



Literature : Dobroscky, Contrib. Boyce 

 Thompson Inst., 3, 1931, 59-83; Fracker, 

 Phytopath., 10, 1920, 173-175; Kunkel, 

 Science, 95, 1942, 252; Torreya, 43, 1943, 

 87-95; Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 444, 

 1916; Stevens, Phytopath., 15, 1925, 85- 

 91; 34, 1944, 140-142; U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Circular 147, 1931 ; Stevens and Sawyer, 

 Phytopath., 16, 1926, 223-227 ; Wilcox and 

 Beckwith, Jour. Agr. Res., 47, 1933, 

 583-590. 



7. Chlorogenus robiniae H. (loc. cit., 

 13). From New Latin Robinia, generic 

 designation of locust. Synonym: Poly- 

 cladus robiniae McKinney, Jour. Wash- 

 ington Acad. Sci., 34, 1944, 151. 



Common names: Locust witches '- 

 broom virus; locust brooming-disease 

 virus. ■ 



Hosts: LEGUM I NOSAE— Robinia 

 pseudoacacia L., black locust. 



Geographical distribution : United 



