1166 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Literature : The literature dealing with 

 tobacco-mosaic virus is too voluminous to 

 permit citation of more than a few repre- 

 sentative publications. Allard, U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bull. 40, 1914; Bawden and 

 Pirie, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B., 

 123, 1937, 274-320; Beale, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 54, 1931, 463-473; Beijerinck, Ver- 

 handel. Konink. Akad. Wetenschappen 

 te Amsterdam, II, 6, 1898, 3-22; Grant, 

 Phytopath., U, 1934, 311-336; Hoggan, 

 Jour. Agr. Res., 49, 1934, 1135-1142; 

 Iwanowski, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. 

 Petersburg, Ser. 4, 3, 1892, 67-70; Jensen, 

 Phytopath., 23, 1933, 964-974; Johnson, 

 Science, 64, 1926, 210; Kausche et al., 

 Naturwiss., S7, 1939, 292-299; Knight, 

 Jour. Biol. Chem., 147, 1943, 663-666; 

 Kunkel, Phytopath., 24, 1934, 437-466; 

 Lauffer, Jour. Am. Chem. Soc, 66, 1944, 

 1188-1194; Price, Phytopath., 23, 1933, 

 749-769; Stanley, Phytopath., 26, 1936, 

 305-320; Takahashi and Rawlins, Proc. 

 Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., 30, 1932, 155- 

 157 ; Valleau and Johnson, Kentucky Agr. 

 Exp. Sta., Bull. 376, 1937; Vinson, Sci- 

 ence, 66, 1927, 357-358; Woods, Science, 

 91, 1940, 295-296. 



Strains : A great number of variant 

 strains have been isolated both experi- 

 mentally and from plants infected in 

 nature. These usually share with the 

 type variety most of the fundamental 

 properties, particle size, especially width, 

 stability at relatively high temperatures, 

 longevity in storage, some common anti- 

 gens. The following have been distin- 

 guished from the type, var. vulgar e H. 

 {loc. cit., 17), by varietal names : 



la. Marmor tabaci var. aucuba H. {loc. 

 cit., 20). A group of isolates producing 

 necrotic local lesions in inoculated leaves 

 of Nicotiana sylvestris Spegaz. and 

 Comes ; useful in identifying many other 

 strains of this virus which on prior ap- 

 plication protect the tissues of this plant 

 from the necrotic effects of aucuba-type 

 strains (Smith, Ann. Appl. Biol., 18, 

 1931, 471-493; Kunkel, Phytopath., 24, 

 1934, 437-466). 



lb. Marmor tabaci var. deformans H. 

 (loc. cit., 22). Producing exceptionally 

 severe malformation of tomato foliage. 

 (Ainsworth, Ann. Appl. Biol., 24, 1937, 

 545-556). 



Ic. Marmor tabaci var. canadense H. 

 (loc. cit., 23). Producing a necrotic type 

 of streak disease in tomatoes (Jarrett, 

 Ann. Appl. Biol., 17, 1930, 248-259). 



Id. Marmor tabaci var. lethale H. {loc. 

 cit., 24). Producing spreading necrotic 

 lesions in tobacco and tomato under ex- 

 perimental conditions (Jensen, Phyto- 

 path., 27, 1937, 69-84 ; Norval, Phytopath. 

 28, 1938, 675-692). 



le. Marmor tabaci var. plantaginis H. 

 (Phytopath., 31, 1941, 1097). Specially 

 adapted in nature for systemic spread in 

 species of Plantago. This variety con- 

 tains histidine (0.55 per cent) and methi- 

 onine (2 per cent) not found in the type 

 of the species. 



If. Marmor tabaci var. obscurum H. 

 (Handb. Phytopath. Viruses, 1939, 25). 

 Systemic in tobacco without producing 

 obvious disease under experimental con- 

 ditions (Holmes, Phytopath., 24, 1934, 

 845-873 ; 26, 1936, 896-904 ; Jensen, Phyto- 

 path., ^7, 1937,69-84). 



Ig. Marmor tabaci var. immobile H. 

 {loc. cit., 26). Produces chlorotic pri- 

 mary lesions in experimentally infected 

 tobacco, but rarely becomes systemic. 

 (Jensen, Phytopath., 23, 1933, 964-977; 

 27, 1937,69-84). 



Ih. Marmor tabaci var. artuin H. {loc. 

 cit., 27). Necrotic lesions experiment- 

 ally induced in Nicotiana glutinosa L. 

 {SOLAN ACE AE) are much smaller than 

 those of the type variety (Jensen, Phy- 

 topath., 27, 1937, 69-84). 



li. Marmor tabaci var. siccans Doolittle 

 and Beecher. (Phytopath., 32, 1942, 

 991). Causing necrosis and shriveling of 

 tomato foliage. 



