FAMILY M ARMOR ACEAE 



1177 



sicon esculenlum Mill.; L. pimpinellifol- 

 ium Mill.; Nicotiana glutinosa L.; A'. 

 langsdorffii Weinm. ; N. tabacum L. vars. 

 Turkish and White Burley. TROPAE- 

 OLACEAE — Tropaeoliun majus L. 

 UMBELLIFERAE—Apium graveo- 

 lens L. 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States, England. 



Induced disease : In cauliflower, clear- 

 ing of veins, followed by mild chlorotic 

 mottling, veins usually banded with, dark 

 green, necrotic flecks later in chlorotic 

 areas. Midrib curved, leaves distorted. 

 Plant stunted; terminal head or curd 

 dwarfed. Solanaceous plants appear to 

 be immune, a point of distinction between 

 this virus and turnip-mosaic virus, Mai'- 

 mor brassicae. 



Transmission : By inoculation of ex- 

 pressed juice, using carborundum pow- 

 der. By many aphid species, Brevicorync 

 brassicae (Linn.), cabbage aphid; Rhopa- 

 losiphum pseudobrassicae Davis, false 

 cabbage aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulz.), 

 peach aphid; Aphis graveolens Essig, 

 celery leaf aphid; ^4. apigraveolens Essig, 

 celery aphid; A. middletonii Thomas, 

 erigeron root aphid; A. gossypii Glov., 

 cotton aphid; Cavariella capreae (Fabr.), 

 yellow willow aphid; Myzus circumflexus 

 (Buckt.), lily aphid; Rhopalosiphum mel- 

 liferum (Hottes), honeysuckle aphid. 

 (APHIDIDAE). No seed transmission. 



Thermal inactivation : At 75^ C in 10 

 minutes. 



Literature: Caldwell and Prentice, 

 Ann. Appl. Biol., 29, 1942, 366-373, 374- 

 379; Rawlins and Tompkins, Phytopath., 

 U, 1934, 1147 (Abst.); Tompkins, Jour. 

 Agr. Res., 55, 1937, 33-46. 



14. Manner brassicae H. (H., loc. 

 cit., 70; Martnor matthiolae H., loc. cit., 

 71.) From New Latin, Brassica, generic 

 name of turnip. 



Ccmmon name: Turnip-mosaic virus. 



Hosts : CR UC IF ERAE— Brassica 

 rapa L., turnip; B. napobrassica Mill., 

 swede or rutabaga; B. napus L., rape; B. 



nigra (L.) Koch, black mustard; B. oler- 

 acea L., cabbage; Armoracia rusticana 

 Gaertn., horse-radish; Cheiranthus cheiri 

 L., w'allflower; Maithiola incana R. Br., 

 stock; Sinapis alba L., white mustard. 

 Experimentally, also CRUCIFERAE— 

 Berteroa incana (L.) DC.; Brassica alba 

 Rabenh., white mustard; B. arvensis 

 (L.) Ktze. ; B. chinensis L., Chinese cab- 

 bage; B. juncea (L.) Coss.; Capsella 

 bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic; Cardamine 

 heterophylla (Forst. f.) O. E. Schultz; 

 Cheiranthus allionii Hort.; Coronopus 

 didymus Smith; Hesperis matronalis L.; 

 Lepidium ruderale L.; L. sativum L., L. 

 virginicum L.; A^asturtium officinale R. 

 Br.; N eslia paniculata (L.) Desv.; Radi- 

 cula palustris (L.) Moench.; Raphanus 

 sativus L.; Sisymhrium altissimum L.; 

 S. officinale (L.) Scop.; Thlaspi arvense 

 L. CHENOPODIACEAE—Beta vul- 

 garis L.; Spinacia oleracea L., spinach. 

 COM POS I TAE— Calendula officinalis L. 

 Zinnia elegans Jacq. RANUNCULA- 

 CEAE — Delphinium ajacisL. SOLAN A- 

 CEAE — Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium 

 Mill.; Nicotiana bigelovii S. Wats.; A^. 

 glutinosa L.; A', langsdorffii Weinm.; A''. 

 repanda Willd. ; N. rustica L. ; A', sylves- 

 tris Speg. and Comes; A", tabacum L., 

 tobacco; Petunia hybrida Vilm. 



Geographical distribution ; United 

 States, England, New Zealand. 



Induced disease : In turnip, systemic 

 chlorotic mottling; plants stunted, leaves 

 distorted. In tobacco, experimentally, 

 characteristic necrotic primary lesions 

 only. 



Transmission : Bj^ inoculation of ex- 

 pressed juice. By cabbage aphid, Brevi- 

 corync brassicae (Linn.), and by the 

 peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) 

 (APHIDIDAE). 



Thermal inactivation : At 54° C in 10 

 minutes . 



Strains : A considerable number of 

 strains of this virus appear to occur in 

 nature, but those that have been studied 

 often have been considered as distinct 

 viruses and not compared with each other 



