FAMILY BORRELIOTACEAE 



1233 



the vaccinia strain of variola virus in 

 swine). 



Host : S UIDAE—Sus scrofa L., domes- 

 tic swine. 



Insusceptible species : Rabbit. 



Geographical distribution: United 

 States (Iowa). 



Induced disease : In swine, locally, red- 

 dened hyperemic papules 3 to 7 mm in 

 diameter; papules become briefly vesicu- 

 lar, then change gradually to true pus- 

 tules, finally forming dark brown to 

 blackish scabs which are shed after a few 

 weeks without scarring; no secondary 

 lesions in hogs free from lice, but in in- 

 fested animals numerous secondary le- 

 sions appear 1 to 2 weeks after primar}' 

 lesions and are commonly most numerous 

 in the inguinal and axillary regions. 

 Mortality negligible but growth retarded. 



Virus has been recovered from hog louse 

 after feeding on affected swine. 



Transmission : By hog louse, Haemato- 

 pinus suis (HAEMATOPINIDAE), 

 probably mechanically. B\' experi- 

 mental scarification of skin. 



Serological relationships : Xo reaction 

 with neutralizing sera specific for vac- 

 cinia virus. 



Immunological relationships: Specific: 

 immunitjf in swine after attack, but no 

 cross immunity with respect to vaccinia 

 virus. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V and 

 N filters. 



Literature : Csontos and von Xyiredy, 

 Deutsch. tierarztl. Wchnschr., 41, 19.33, 

 529-532; Schwarte and Biester, Am. Jour. 

 Vet. Res., 2, 1941, 13G-140; Shope, Arch, 

 f. Virusforsch., 1, 1940, 4.57-467. 



Genus II. Briareus ge7i. nov. 



Viruses of the Varicella Group, causing diseases characterized by reddened spots 

 and rings in affected tissues, becoming papular or vesicular. Generic name from Latin 

 Briareus, name of a hundred-armed giant. 



The t5^pe species is Briareus varicellae spec. nov. 



Key to the species of genus Briareus. 

 I. Causing chicken pox and herpes zoster in man. 



II. Causing measles in man. 



1. Briareus varicellae spec. nov. From 

 New Latin varicella, chicken pox. 



Common names : Varicella virus, chic- 

 ken-pox virus; much evidence for iden- 

 tity with so-called herpes-zoster virus 

 has been presented. 



Host : HOMIN IDAS— Homo sapiens 

 L., man. 



Insusceptible species: Chick embryo. 



Geographical distribution: World-wide. 



Induced disease : In man, usually 

 abrupt onset, rash at first macular, soon 

 papular and vesicular; vesicles generally 

 discrete, soon rupturing, healing with 

 scab formation and itching ; separation of 

 deeper scabs may leave persistent scars ; 

 in severe cases there may be stomatitis, 

 laryngitis, and nasal lesions. In human 

 skin grafted on chorioallantois of chick 



1. Briareus varicellae. 



2. Briareus morhillorum. 



embryo, experimentally, pustular lesions 

 as in natural disease, with intranuclear 

 acidophilic inclusions ; no gross vesicula- 

 tion. 



Transmission: By contact. Bj' spread 

 of droplets. Children in contact with 

 herpes zoster patients sometimes con- 

 tract varicella. 



Serological relationships : Majority of 

 herpes zoster sera that agglutinate zoster 

 antigen also agglutinate elementary' 

 bodies of varicella; complement fixation 

 tests also indicate relationship of virus 

 from herpes zoster and varicella. Chic- 

 ken-pox sera do not flocculate smallpox 

 brain-virus antigen. 



Immunological relationships : Children 

 previously having varicella are immune 

 to inoculation with herpes zoster virus. 



