FAMILY BORKELIOTACEAE 



1239 



Gonnert, Arch. f. Virusforsch., 1, 1940, 

 295-312; Marchal. Jour. Path, and Bact., 

 3S, 1930, 713-728; McGaughey and White- 

 head, ihid., 37, 1933, 253-256; Paschen, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 135, 1936, 

 445-452. 



7. Scelus bovinum spec. nov. From 

 Latin borinus, of ox, bull, or cow. 



Common name : Ercsive-stomatitis 

 virus. 



Host: BOVIDAE—Bos taurus L., 

 domestic cattle. Experimentally^ also 

 chorioallantoic membrane of developing 

 hen's egg. 



Insusceptible species: CAVIIDAE — 

 Cavia -porcellus (L.), guinea pig. (In 

 rats, rabbits, mice, sheep, no reaction has 

 been noted after inoculation.) 



Geographical distribution: South 

 Africa (Natal) ; perhaps Ireland 

 (Armagh -disease virus). 



Induced disease : In young domestic 



cattle, lesions on tongue, dental pad, and 

 lips pearl-like at first, then breaking down 

 to form superficial erosions, with white 

 glistening base and red border. Lesions 

 may coalesce to form large, ragged, eroded 

 areas, healing uneventfully with scar 

 formation. No foot lesions ; no excessive 

 salivation; no "hotness" of mouth; no 

 systemic disturbances. 



Transmission : Spreads slowly, mainly 

 to animals less than three years old, prob- 

 ably by contact. Experimentally, by 

 injection into dental pads, lips, or tongue. 

 Filterability : Passes Gradocol membrane 

 of about 400 millimicron average pore 

 diameter. 



Other properties: Viable after at least 

 11 days at room temperature, 21 days at 

 refrigerator temperature, 6 weeks frozen 

 and dried in horse-serum saline. 



Literature: Mason and Neitz, Onder- 

 stepoort Jour. Vet. Sci. and Anim. In- 

 dust., 15, 1940, 159-173. 



Genus IV. Hostis gen. nov. 



Viruses of the Foot -and -]Mouth Disease Group, inducing diseases mainly charac- 

 terized by vesicular lesions. Generic name from Latin hostis, enemy or stranger. 

 The type species is Hostis pecoris spec. nov. 



Key to the species of genus Hostis. 

 I. Infecting cattle and other animals with cloven hoofs; horse immune or highly 



resistant . 

 II. Infecting horse readily. 



1. Hostis pecoris spec. nov. From 

 Latin pecus, cattle. 



Common names : Foot-and-mouth dis- 

 ease virus; Virus der Maul- und Klauen- 

 seuche. 



Hosts : Cow, pig, sheep, goat, reindeer, 

 bison. Experimentall}^, also guinea pig, 

 rabbit, rat. 



Insusceptible species: Chick embryo 

 (chorioallantois) ; horse (immune or very 

 resistant). 



Induced disease : In cow, after incuba- 

 tion period of 2 to 4 days or more, fever, 

 vesicular lesions on tongue, lips, gums, 

 hard palate and feet, soon rupturing; 

 salivation, lameness, generally recovery. 



1. Hostis pecoris. 



2. Hostis equinus. 



Transmission : Spread rapid, source of 

 infection often obscure ; saliva is infective 

 before lesions become obvious. 



Thermal inactivation : At 70° C-, not at 

 60° C, in 15 minutes. 



Filterability: Passes Seitz, Berkefeld 

 V and X, and Chamberland Lu filters. 



Strains : Three strains. A, O and C, are 

 iuimunologically distinct from each other. 



Other properties: Particle calculated 

 to be about 20 millimicrons in diameter by 

 centrifugation data, 8 to 12 millimicrons 

 in diameter by filtration; may be sep- 

 arated from mixtures with the larger 

 equine vesicular stomatitis virus by dif- 

 ferential filtration. Viable after drying 



