1240 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



in vacuo, at least a week at — 4 to 0° C. 

 Readily destroyed by 1 to 2 per cent 

 sodium hydrate or above pH 11. Soon 

 inactivated near pH 6.0, but moderately 

 stable at pH 2.0 to 3.0 ; optimum condition 

 for storage at pH 7.5 to 7.7 in absence of 

 air; return from 3.0 to 7.5 inactivates, 

 however. 



Literature : Elford and Galloway, Brit. 

 Jour. Exp. Path., 18, 1937, 155-161 ; 

 Galloway and Elford, ibid., 14, 1933, 400- 

 408; 16, 1935, 588-613; 17, 1936, 187-204; 

 Galloway and Schlesinger, Jour. Hyg., 

 37, 1937, 463-470; Hare, Jour. Path, and 

 Bact., 35, 1932, 291-293; Loeffler and 

 Frosch, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 23, 1898, 

 371-391 ; Matte and Sanz, Bull. Soc. Path. 

 Exot., 14, 1921, 523-529; Olitsky and 

 Boez, Jour. Exp. Med., 45, 1927, 673-683, 

 685-699, 815-831, 833-848; Pyl, Ztschr. f. 

 physiol. Chemie, 226, 1934, 18-28 ; Pyl and 

 Klenk, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 128, 1933, 161-171 ; Schlesinger and Gallo- 

 way, Jour. Hyg., 37, 1937, 445-462. 



2. Hostis equinus spec. nov. From 

 Latin equinus, pertaining to horses. 



Common names: Vesicular-stomatitis 

 virus, equine vesicular stomatitis virus. 



Hosts: Horse, domestic cattle. Ex- 

 perimentally, also guinea pig, swine, 

 white mouse, rabbit (relatively resistant ) , 

 chick embryo ; Macaca mulatta (Zimmer- 

 mann), rhesus monkey; M. irus, 

 cynomolgus monkey. 



Insusceptible species : Chicken (ex- 

 cept embryo ) . 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States (Indiana, Xew Jersey). 



Induced disease: In horse, resembles 

 foot-and-mouth disease of cattle; red- 

 dened patches on buccal mucosa, mod- 

 erate fever, .salivation, followed by ap- 

 pearance of vesicles, especially on tongue, 

 filled with clear or yellowish fluid; vesi- 

 cles often coalesce and soon rupture 

 leaving an eroded surface which heals 

 soon in the absence of complications. 



Experimentally, in chorioallantois of de- 

 veloping chick embryo, primary lesions 

 involve moderate ectodermal prolifera- 

 tion, degeneration, necrosis; mesodermal 

 inflammation ; slight endodermal pro- 

 liferation. 



Serological relationships: Strains iso- 

 lated in different localities give antisera 

 capable of neutralizing heterologous iso- 

 lates of virus, but homologous antisera 

 neutralize in higher dilutions than do 

 heterologous antisera. 



Immunological relationships : No cross 

 immunity with respect to equine en- 

 cephalomyelitis virus. 



Filterability : Passes Seitz Alter. 



Other properties: May be separated 

 from mixtures with foot-and-mouth dis- 

 ease virus by propagation on chorioallan- 

 toic membrane of chick embryo, which 

 will not support increase of the latter 

 virus. Inactivated by 1:50,000 methyl- 

 ene blue in 2 mm layer 13 cm from 300 

 candle-power lamp in 60 minutes but not 

 in 20 minutes. Particle estimated on the 

 basis of filtration data to he 70 to 100 

 millimicrons in diameter; 60 millimicrons 

 in diameter by centrifugation. Not de- 

 stroyed by acidifying to pH 3 and return- 

 ing to pH 7.5 (difference from foot-and- 

 mouth disease virus). 



Literature : Burnet and Galloway, 

 Brit. Jour. Exp. Path., 15, 1934, 105-113; 

 Cox and Olitsky, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, 

 and Med., 30, 1933, 053-654; Cox etal., 

 ihid., 30, 1933, 896-898; Elford and Gallo- 

 way. Brit. Jour. Exp. Path., 18, 1937, 

 155-161; Galloway and Elford, ibid., 14, 

 1933, 400-408; 16, 1935, 588-613; Mohler, 

 Jour. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 52, 1918, 

 410-422; Olitsky et al.. Jour. Exp. Med., 

 .59, 1934, 159-171 ; Pyl, Ztschr. f. physiol. 

 Chemie, 226, 1934, 18-28; Sabin and 

 Olitsky, ibid., 66, 1937, 15-34, 35-57; 67, 

 1938, 201-228, 229-249; Syverton ct al.. 

 Science, 78, 1933, 216-217. 



