1250 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE 6ACTEM0L0GY 



Geographical distribution : Union of 

 Soviet Socialist Republics. 



Induced disease: In man, acute non- 

 suppurative encephalitis, abrupt onset, 

 steep rise of temperature to 38 to 40° C, 

 severe headache, giddiness, and vomit- 

 ing; pareses and paralyses of upper or 

 lower limbs or muscles of neck and back ; 

 residual atrophic paralyses common; 

 mortality among cases, 30 per cent ; 80 

 per cent of all cases occur in May and 

 June. 



Transmission : By tick, Ixodes persul- 

 catus (IXODIDAE) ; the virus seems to 

 hibernate in this species and has proved 

 capable of passing through eggs to prog- 

 eny. Experimentally, also by ticks 

 Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysa- 

 lisconcinna (IXODIDAE). 



Serological relationships : Virus-neu- 

 tralizing antibodies, found without other 

 evidence of disease in some men and in 

 many cattle and horses, believed to indi- 

 cate susceptibility of these hosts to latent 

 infections. No cross neutralization with 

 St. Louis encephalitis virus. Japanese 

 summer encephalitis virus is in part 

 antigenically related, but some antigenic 

 constituents of this virus are missing in 

 spring-summer encephalitis virus and 

 vice versa. 



Immunological relationships: Formol- 

 ized virus immunizes specifically. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld and 

 Chamberland filter candles. 



Literature : Smorodintseff, Arch, f . 

 gesamt. Virusforsch., 1, 1940, 468-480; 

 Soloviev, Acta Med. U. R. S. S., 1, 1938, 

 484-492 (Biol. Abst., 17, 1943, 1726, no. 

 18777). 



3. Erro incognitus spec. nov. From 

 Latin incognitus, unknown, in reference 

 to mystery surrounding the nature and 

 relationships of this virifs, as evidenced 

 by common name. 



Common name : Australian X-disease 

 virus. 



Hosts : HOMINIDAE — Homo sapiens 

 L., man. Experimentally, also sheep, 

 horse, cow, rhesus monkey. 



Geographical distribution : Australia. 



Induced disease : In man, polioenceph- 

 alitis, especially in children, occurring 

 in late summer; mortality high; charac- 

 terized by headache, body pains, drowsi- 

 ness, weakness, then vomiting, fever, 

 convulsions; paralysis of limbs, eye- 

 muscles, or face rare; recovery rapid in 

 non-fatal cases. 



Literature: Kneebone, Austral. Jour. 

 Exp. Biol, and Med. Sci., 3, 1926, 119- 

 127; Perdrau, Jour. Path, and Bact., 4^, 

 1936, 59-65. 



4. Erro japonicus spec. nov. From 

 New Latin Japonia, Japan. 



Common name : Japanese B encepha- 

 litis virus. 



Hosts : HOMIN IDAE—Homo sapiens 

 L., man. Experimentally, also young 

 sheep, mouse, and Macacus rhesus. 



Geographical distribution: Japan, 

 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 



Induced disease : In man, loss of appe- 

 tite, drowsiness, nausea, then rapid rise 

 of temperature, pains in joints and chest ; 

 restlessness followed by apathy, coma; 

 death, usually before end of second week, 

 or recovery, sometimes with persistence 

 of evidences of damage done to the nerv- 

 ous sj^stem by the disease. 



Serological relationships : Specific anti- 

 serum does not neutralize St. Louis en- 

 cephalitis virus or louping-ill virus. Rus- 

 sian autumn-encephalitis virus induces 

 the formation of antisera neutralizing 

 Japanese B encephalitis virus. Russian 

 spring-summer encephalitis virus con- 

 tains some, but not all, antigens in com- 

 mon with this virus. Australian X-dis- 

 ease virus is distinct in neutralization 

 tests. 



Immunological relationships : Specific 

 immunity as a result of earlier infection 

 in mice ; no cross protection with respect 

 to St. Louis encephalitis virus. Vac- 

 cination with Japanese B encephalitis 

 virus does not enhance resistance to 

 West Nile encephalitis virus but only to 

 the homologous virus. 



