1258 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



African monkey, by intracerebral, intra- 

 nasal, and intraabdominal inoculation. 



Serological relationships : Specific neu- 

 tralizing antibodies arise after experi- 

 mental infection in monkeys, but rein- 

 fection is not prevented; only a minority 

 of human convalescent sera neutralize 

 virus in vitro, the most potent sera prob- 

 ably being obtained from those with 

 transient or light paralysis. Cross neu- 

 tralization between monkey-passage and 

 murine (cotton-rat and mouse) strains. 

 No cross -neutralization reaction with 

 lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Is- 

 olates differ somewhat antigenically, 

 homologous titers being higher than 

 heterologous titers in some neutralization 

 tests. 



Thermal inactivation : At or below 75° 

 C in 30 minutes. 



Filterability : Passes membrane about 

 35, not 30, millimicrons in average pore 

 diameter. 



Other properties : Infectivity of virus 

 maintained well at —76° C or in glycerine 

 but poorly when dried or just frozen. 

 Inactivated readil.y bj^ hydrogen 

 peroxide. Particle diameter estimated 

 as about 12 millimicrons by filtration 

 studies. Precipitated by half-saturated 

 ammonium sulphate solutions. Electron 

 micrographs show elliptical particles 20 

 to 30 millimicrons in diameter; impure 

 infectious materials show long threads 

 20 by 75 to 500 millimicrons in size. 

 Component probably virus has sedimenta- 

 tion constant 820° = 62 X \0~^^ cm per 

 sec. per dyne. Inactivated by potassium 

 hydroxide, copper sulfate and potassium 

 permanganate. Stable from pH 2.2 to 

 10.4 for 2 hours at 37° C. 



Literature : Armstrong and Harrison, 

 U. S. Pub. Health Service, Public Health 

 Rept., 50, 1935, 725-730; Aycock, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 7, 1927, 791-803; Burnet and 

 Jackson, Austral. Jour. Exp. Biol, and 

 Med. Sci., 17, 1939, 261-270; 18, 1940, 

 361-366; Burnet et al., ibid., 17, 1939, 

 253-260, 375-391; Elford et al., Jour. 

 Path, and Bact., I+O, 1935, 135-141 ; Flex- 



ner, Jour. Exp. Med., 62, 1935, 787-804; 

 63, 1936, 209-226; 65, 1937, 497-513; Card, 

 ibid., 71, 1940, 779-785; Gordon and Len- 

 nette. Jour. Inf. Dis., 64, 1939, 97-104; 

 Harmon, ibid., 58, 1936, 331-336; Heaslip, 

 Austral. Jour. Exp. Biol, and Med. Sci., 

 16, 1938, 285-286; Howitt, Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 51, 1932, 565-573; 53, 1933, 145-156; Hud- 

 son and Lennette, Am. Jour. Hyg., 17, 

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 Jour. Am. Med. Assoc, 128, 1943, 399- 

 402; Jungeblut and Sanders, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 72, 1940, 407-436; 76, 1942, 127-142; 

 Jungeblut et al., ibid., 75, 1942, 611-629; 

 76, 1942, 31-51; Kessel et al.. Am. Jour. 

 Hyg., 27, 1938, 519-529 ; Jour. Exp. Med., 

 74, 1941, 601-609 ; Kolmer et al., Jour. Inf. 

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 1943, 323-344; Moore et al., ibid., 36, 

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 46, 1930, 31-35; Olitsky and Cox, Jour, 

 Exp. Med., 63, 1936, 109-125; Paul et al.. 

 Am. Jour. Hyg., 17, 1933, 587-600; 601- 

 612; Jour. Exp. Med., 71, 1940, 765-777; 

 Sabin, ibid., 69, 1939, 507-516; Sabin and 

 Olitsky, ibid., 68, 1938, 39-61 ; Sabin and 

 Ward, ibid., 73, 1941, 771-793; 74, 1942, 

 519-529; 75, 1942, 107-117; Sabin et al.. 

 Jour. Bact., 31, 1936, 35-36 (Abst.); 

 Sanders and Jungeblut, Jour. Exp. Med., 

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 Jour. Inf. Dis., 70, 1942, 7-50; Schultz 

 and Robinson, ibid., 70, 1942, 193-200; 

 Stimpert and Kessel, Am. Jour. Hyg., 

 29, (B), 1939, 57-66; Theiler, Medicine, 

 20, 1941, 443-462; Theiler and Bauer, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 60, 1934, 767-772 ; Trask 

 and Paul, ibid., 58, 1933, 531-544; 73, 

 1941 , 453-459 ; Trask et al., ibid., 77, 1943, 

 531-544 ; Turner and Young, Am. Jour. 

 Hyg., 37, 1943, 67-79; Wolf, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 76, 1942, 53-72 ; Young and Merrell, 

 Am. Jour. Hyg., 37, 1943, 80-92. 



