1262 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., U2, 1938 , 

 144-148; Iguchi, Kitasato Arch. Exp. 

 Med., 16, 1939, 5&-78; Olitsky, Jour. 

 Exp. Med., 72, 1940, 113-127; Theiler, 

 Science, 80, 1934, 122; Jour. Exp. Med., 

 65, 1937, 705-719 ; Theiler and Gard, ihid., 

 72, 1940, 49-67, 79-90; Young and Cum- 

 berland, Am. Jour. Hyg., 37, 1943, 216- 

 224. 



5. Legio gq.llinae spec. nov. From 

 Latin gallina, hen. 



Common names : Avian encephalomye- 

 litis virus, infectious avian encephalo- 

 myelitis virus. 



Host: PHASIANIDAE—Gallus gal- 

 lus (L.), chicken (embryo not suscepti- 

 ble ; in culture media, minced whole 

 embryo in serum-Tyrode solution suffices 

 to maintain virus, but embryo brain alone 

 does not ) . 



Insusceptible species : All tested spe- 

 cies other than birds. 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States. 



Induced disease : In chicken, fine or 

 coarse tremors of whole body or only of 

 head and neck or of legs; progressive 

 ataxia; eyes dull, some loss of weight, 

 weakness of legs, and progressive inco- 

 ordination of leg muscles ; somnolence 

 precedes death; about 75 per cent die 

 within 5 days of onset, 90 per cent within 

 a week, the remainder showing a stag- 

 gering, ataxic gait for weeks, some con- 

 tinuously tremulous; recovered birds, 

 however, may produce eggs well ; micro- 

 scopic focal collections of glia cells, 

 perivascular infiltration, degeneration of 

 Purkinje 's cells and degeneration of nerve 

 cells ; foci of infiltration throughout brain 

 and spinal cord ; virus not detected in the 

 blood of affected chickens. 



Transmission : Not through egg. Ex- 

 perimentally, by intracerebral injection. 



Serological relationships : Specific anti- 

 serum neutralizes homologous virus but 

 not the Eastern strain of equine ence- 

 phalitis virus ; antiserum specific for the 

 latter does not neutralize avian ence- 

 phalomyelitis virus. 



Filterability : Passes Berk (fdd V and 

 N as well as Seitz 1 and 2 filters; also 

 membranes 73 millimicrons in average 

 pore diameter. 



Other properties : Survives in 50 per 

 cent glycerine for at least 88 days and 

 frozen for at least 68 days. Infective 

 particle estimated to be 20 to 30 milli- 

 microns in diameter, by filtration studies. 



Literature : Jones, Science, 76, 1932, 

 331-332; Jour. Exp. Med., 59, 1934, 781- 

 798; Kligler and Olitsky, Proc. Soc. Exp. 

 Biol, and Med., 4^, 1940, 680-683 ; Olitsky, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 70, 1939, 565-582; Olit- 

 sky and Bauer, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and 

 Med., 4^, 1939, 634-636 ; Van Roekel et al., 

 Jour. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 93 (N.S. 46), 

 1938, 372-375. 



6. Legio suariorum spec. nov. From 

 Latin suarius, swineherd. 



Common name : Swineherds'-disease 

 virus. 



Hosts: SUIDAE — Sus scrofa L., 

 swine. HOMIN IDAE — Homo sapiens 

 L., man. Experimentally, with fever as 

 only symptom, white rat, cat, ferret, 

 mouse ; perhaps Macaca mulatta (Zim- 

 mermann), rhesus monkey. 



Geographical distribution : Europe. 



Induced disease : In man, a benign 

 meningitis without sequelae, somewhat 

 similar to lymphocytic choriomeningitis 

 in man; cell counts in spinal fluids may 

 be as high as 1200 to 1400; 4 to 7 (average 

 8) days after infection, fever lasting 3 to 

 21 days (average 9); sometimes conjunc- 

 tivitis, more often a reddish maculo- 

 papillose eruption; severe sweating 

 frequent; hemorrhagic tendency; blood 

 in feces; recovery. Blood, urine, feces 

 infectious, not spinal fluid or mucous 

 excretions. Especially affecting young 

 men, not often old men or women, among 

 those having contact with swine or swine- 

 producing quarters. 



Transmission : Excreta of pigs, even as 

 used for manure, are infective. Experi- 

 mentally, to man, by subdermal or intra- 

 muscular injection. 



