1264 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



of rabid horses or cattle. Not by con- 

 tamination of food. In Brazil and Trini- 

 dad, probably by the vampire bat, which 

 has been found infected in nature. 



Serological relationships: Specific floc- 

 culation of rabies virus occurs in the 

 presence of immune serum from rabbit 

 or guinea pig; strains differ in relative 

 amounts of antigenic constituents, as 

 shown by absorption tests. Comple- 

 ment fixation occurs in the presence of 

 virus and guinea-pig antiserum. Neu- 

 tralizing antibodies are specific. 



Immunological relationships : Virus ex- 

 posed to ultraviolet light tends to lose its 

 virulence before its immunizing potenc}^ 

 Passive immunization succeeds in white 

 mice if antiserum is injected intracere- 

 brally I hour before, but not 24 hours be- 

 fore or 2 hours after, virus. Chloroform- 

 treated vaccines more effective than 

 phenolized vaccines, but irritative. 



Thermal inactivation : At 60 to 70° C in 

 15 minutes; in brain tissues, at 45" C in 

 24 hours. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V filter. 



Other properties : Viable at least 2 

 months at 5° C in liquid or dry state. In- 

 fective particle between 100 and 240 milli- 

 microns in diameter, by filtration studies. 



Literature : Bernkopf and Kligler, Brit. 

 Jour. Exp. Path., 18, 1937,481-485 ; Casals, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 72, 1940, 445-451, 453- 

 461 ; Covell and Danks, Am. Jour. Path., 

 8, 1932, 557-572; Dawson, Science, 89, 

 1939, 300-301 ; Am. Jour. Path., 17, 1941, 

 177-188; Galloway, Brit. Jour. Exp. 

 Path., 15, 1934, 97-105 ; Goodpasture, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 1, 1925, 547-582; Haupt and 

 Rehaag, Ztschr. f. Infektionskrankh., 22, 



1921, 76-88, 104-127; Havens and May- 

 field, Jour. Inf. Dis., 50, 1932, 367-376 ; 51 , 

 1932, 511-518; 52, 1933, 364-373; Hender- 

 son, Vet. Med., 37, 1942, 88-89; Hodes ct 

 al., Jour. Exp. Med., 72, 1940, 437-444; 

 Hoyt et al., Jour. Inf. Dis., 59, 1936, 152- 

 158; Hurst and Pawan, Lancet, 221, 1931 

 (2), 622-628; Jour. Path, and Bact., 35, 

 1932, 301-321 ; Johnson and Leach, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 82 (B), 1940, 38-45; Kligler 

 and Bernkopf, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and 

 Med., 39, 1938, 212-214; Am. Jour. Hyg., 

 SS (B), 1941, 1-8; Leach and Johnson, 

 ibid., 32 (B), 1940, 74-79 ; Metivier, Jour. 

 Comp. Path, and Therap., 48, 1935, 245- 

 260; Peragallo, Giorn. di batteriol. e im- 

 munoL, 18, 1937, 289-290; Snyman, On- 

 derstepoort Jour. Vet. Sci. and Anim. 

 Indust., 15, 1940, 9-140; Webster, Am. 

 Jour. Pub. Health, 26, 1936, 1207-1210; 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 70, 1939, 87-106; Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 30 (B), 1939, 113-134; Web- 

 ster and Casals, Jour. Exp. Med., 71, 

 1940, 719-730; 73, 1941, 601-615; 76, 1942, 

 185-194; Webster and Clow, ibid., 66, 

 1937, 125-131; Wyckoff, Am. Jour. Vet. 

 Res., 2, 1941, 84-90. 



Note: The Negri body, a character- 

 istic cell-inclusion in rabies, has been 

 given the following names under the sup- 

 position that it represents stages in the 

 life cycle of a protozoan parasite responsi- 

 ble for the disease: Neuronjctes hydropho- 

 biae by Calkins, Jour. Cutaneous Diseases 

 including Syphilis, 25, 1907, 510; Encepha- 

 litozoon rahiei by Manouelian and Viala, 

 Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 38, 1924, 258; and 

 Glugea lyssae by Levaditi,- Nicolau and 

 Schoen, Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 40, 1926, 1048. 



