FAMILY CHARONACEAE 



127J 



L., man. Experimentally, also chimpan- 

 zee, chick embryo. 



Geographical distribution : World-wide 

 except in conditions of isolation of small 

 communities. 



Induced disease : In man, incubation 

 period about 48 hours ; mild malady ; run- 

 ning nose in 81 per cent of cases, obstruc- 

 tion of nostrils in 44 per cent, sudden 

 onset in 37 per cent, cough in 31 per cent, 

 headache in 19 per cent, sore throat in 14 

 per cent, fever in 13 per cent, inflamma- 

 tion of eyes in 12 per cent ; changes in 

 weather, especially during a warm season , 

 predispose to the disease ; no correlation 

 between susceptibility and outdoor exer- 

 cise, exposure to fresh air while sleeping, 

 eye color, adenotonsillectomy, or size of 

 frontal sinus. Incidence inversely pro- 

 portional to daily hours of sunshine and 

 atmospheric temperature. Fitness (de- 

 fined by speed of oxygen replacement ) 

 correlated with relative freedom from 

 colds. Effect of rest during disease fav- 

 orable, reducing complications, length of 

 fever, duration of illness, and period off 

 duty. 



Immunological relationships: After at- 

 tack, specific immunity for about 7 weeks 

 (minimum period 23 days) ; then exposure 

 to chilling maj^ cause a relapse, but an 

 isolated community tends to lose the 

 virus during the refractory period. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V and 

 W as well as Seitz filters. 



Other properties : Viable at least 13 

 days at ice-box temperature, anaerobi- 

 cally ; at least 4 months frozen and dried 

 in vacuo. Gum acacia tends to stabilize 

 virus in chick-embryo tissue medium. 



Literature: Dochez et al., Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 63, 1936, 559-579; Doull et al., 

 Am. .Tour. Hyg., 13, 1931, 460-477; 17, 

 1933, 536-561; Gafafer, ibid., 13, 1931, 

 771-780; 16, 1932, 233-240, 880-884 ; Jour. 

 Inf. Dis., 51, 1932, 489-492; Gafafer and 

 Doull, Am. Jour. Hyg., 18, 1933, 712-726 ; 

 Hyde and Chapman, ibid., 26, 1937, 116- 

 123; Kneeland et al., Froc. Soc. Exp. 

 Biol, and Med., 35, 1936, 213-215; Le 



Blanc and Welborn, Am. Jour. Hyg., 2^, 



1936, 19-24; Locke, Jour. Inf. Dis., 60, 



1937, 106-112; Long and Doull, Proc. Soc. 

 Exp. Biol, and Med., 28, 1930, 53-55; 

 Maughan and Smiley, Am. Jour. Hyg., 9 

 1929, 466-472; Noble and Brainard, Jour. 

 Bact., 29, 1935, 407-409; Palmer, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 16, 1932, 224-232; Paul and 

 Freese, ibid., 17, 1933, 517-535; Shibley 

 et al.. Jour. Am. Med. Assoc, 95, 1930, 

 1553-1556; Smiley, Am. Jour. Hyg., 6, 

 1926, 621-626; 5, 1929, 477-479. 



4. Tarpeia fells .s'pec. noiJ. From Latin 

 feles, cat. 



Common name : Feline-distemper 

 virus. 



Hosts : FELIDAE—Felis catus L., do- 

 mestic cat ; F. pardus, leopard ; F. ligrina, 

 American tiger cat ; F. aurata, African 

 tiger cat; F. planiceps, rusty tiger cat; 

 F. marmorata, marbled cat ; F. caracal, 

 caracal lynx; F. pardalis, ocelot; lion, 

 tiger, puma relatively insusceptible. 



Insusceptible species : Man, dog, ferret , 

 mongoose, rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea pig. 



Induced disease: In domestic cat, 

 coughing, sneezing, running eyes and 

 nose, with serous or purulent conjunctivi- 

 tis, or diarrhea and vomiting; fever to 

 103 or 105° F; loss of appetite, general 

 weakness; mortality high, especially 

 among j'oung individuals; death usually 

 occurs on the 10th to the 12th day, in 

 extreme cases, however, as early as the 

 5th or as late as the 35th day; catarrhal 

 congestion in some part of the gastro- 

 intestinal tract is typical; this ranges 

 from a fev: small patches in the ileum 

 to involvement of the whole small intes- 

 tine and parts of the large intestine or 

 stomach and esophagus; often enlarge- 

 ment and congestion of abdominal lymph 

 glands, enlargement of spleen, pleurisy, 

 and peritonitis. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld N and 

 Chamberland L3 filters. 



Transmission : By fomite s. 



Imnmnological relationships : Recov- 

 ered cats specifically immune. 



