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MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Other properties : Viable at least 3 

 weeks in 50 per cent glycerine ; attenu- 

 ated or killed by drying at room tempera- 

 ture, but some immunization is reported 

 if dried virus is injected. 



Literature: Dalling, Vet. Record, 15, 

 1935, 283-289; Findlay, Vet. Jour., 89, 

 1933, 17-20; Hindle and Findlay, Jour. 

 Comp. Path, and Therap., 45, 1932, 11-26 ; 

 Verge and Cristoforoni, Compt. rend. 

 Soc. Biol., Paris, 99, 1928, 312-314. 



5. Tarpeia vitulae spec. Jtuv. From 

 Latin vitula, cow-calf. 



Common name : Pneumoenteritis virus 



Hosts : BOVIDAE—Bos taurus L., do- 

 mestic cattle. Experimentally, also 

 MURIDAE — Mus musculus L., mouse. 



Geographical distribution: United 

 States. 



Induced disease: In cattle (calves), 

 after incubation pei'iod of 2 to 4 days, 

 fever increasing rapidly to 40 or 41° C 

 and lasting 3 to 5 days ; usually after first 

 day of fever, diarrhea with feces soft, 

 yellow, voluminous, fetid in odor, occa- 

 sionally blood-tinged or fluid; diarrhea 

 is followed by pneumonia and recovery 

 after disappearance of fever; catarrhal 

 enteritis and a bronchopneumonia usually 

 confined to the anterior lobes of the lungs 

 underlie the symptoms; no inclusion 

 bodies in cells of affected tissues. 



Transmission: By pen contacts with 

 infected calves. E.xperimentally, by in- 

 tranasal inoculation of calves, using in- 

 ocula prepared from lungs of infected 

 mice. 



Serological relationships : Recovered 

 animals develop neutralizing antibodies. 



Immunological relationships : A specific 

 resistance to reinfection is conferred by 

 an attack of the disease. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld N filter. 



Literature: Baker, Cornell Vet.,' 32, 

 1942, 202-204; Jour. Exp. Med. 78, 1943, 

 435-446. 



6. Tarpeia canis spec. nov. From La- 

 tin canis, dog. 



Common name : Canine-distemper 

 virus. 



Hosts: CAN I DAE — Canis familiaris 

 L., dog; Viilpes sp., fox. MUSTELI- 

 DAE—iQi-vei. 



Insusceptible species: Man, rabbit, 

 guinea pig, white rat, cat. 



Geographical distribution : Widespread 

 throughout the world. 



Induced disease : In dog, after 4 days 

 from time of infection, fever and a watery 

 discharge from the eyes and nose, some- 

 times inconspicuous but often profuse ; 

 usually diarrhea and wasting followed by 

 recovery or, exceptionally, death. Virus 

 passes from the respiratory tract through 

 the blood stream to its favored sites in 

 vascular endothelium and cells of the 

 reticulo-endothelial system. Nuclear in- 

 clusions are found in liver cells, bronchial 

 epithelial cells, glandular cells of the stom- 

 ach and intestine, and bile-duct epithe- 

 lial cells; there are also cytoplasmic 

 inclusions in bile-duct epithelial cells. 



Transmission: By contact. Probably 

 by air-borne droplets. No arthropod 

 vector is recognized. 



Immunological relationships : Dead- 

 vaccine treatment followed by living- 

 virus treatment produces a lasting im- 

 munity. Virus inactivated by photo- 

 dynamic effect in 2 mm layer of 1 :50,000 

 or 1 : 100,000 methylene blue, exposed 30 

 minutes at 20 cm from 100 candle-power 

 lamp, still immunizes. Vaccine may be 

 dried. 



Filterability: Passes Chamberland L2 

 and Mandler filters. 



Other properties : Viable in liver tissue 

 at 10° C for 35, not 85, days ; in glycerine- 

 saline solution at 10° C, 67 days though 

 deteriorated; in vacuum-dried liver tis- 

 sue, at 10° C, 90 days. If dried from 

 frozen state, virus is viable in vacuum at 

 least 430 days at 7° C, in oxygen-free 

 nitrogen at least 365 days at 7° C. Viable 

 in 25 per cent sterile horse serum at —24° 

 C more than 693 days. 



Literature : Carre, Compt. rend. Acad. 

 Sci., Paris, HO, 1905, 689-690; Dalldorf, 



