FAMILY CHARONACEAE 



1273 



Jour. Exp. Med., 70, 1939, 19-27; De 

 Monbreun, Am. Jour. Path., 13, 1937, 

 187-212; Dunkin and Laidlaw, Jour. 

 Comp. Path, and Therap., 39, 1926, 201- 

 212. 213-221; Green and Evans, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 29 (B), 1939, 73-87; Laidlaw 

 and Dunkin, Jour. Comp. Path, and 

 Therap., 39, 1926, 222-230; 41, 1928, 1-17, 

 209-227; Perdrau and Todd, ibid., 46. 

 1933, 78-89; Siedentopf and Green, Jour. 

 Inf. Dis., 71, 1942, 253-259 ; Wharton and 

 Wharton, Am. Jour. Hyg., 19, 1934, 

 189-216. 



7." Tarpeia vulpis .spec. nov. From 

 Latin vidpes, fox. 



Common name : Fox-encephalitis virus. 



Hosts : CAN I DAE — Vvlpes sp., silver 

 fox. Experimentally, also some, but not 

 all, dogs; coyote. 



Insusceptible species : Gray fox, mink, 

 ferret, sheep, laboratory rabbit. 



Geographical distribution: Unite I 

 States. 



Induced disease: In fox. after 2 daj's 

 from time of infection, loss of appetite, 

 slight nasal discharge ; convulsions with 

 earl}^ death or h.yperexcitabilitj', blind 

 walking, lethargy, flaccid or spastic paral- 

 ysis, muscular twitching, tearfulness, 

 weakness, coma and death; many more 

 foxes become infected in epizootics than 

 show obvious disease, some being symp- 

 tomless carriers ; 12 to 20 per cent fatali- 

 ties may be experienced among j'^oung 

 foxes on ranches, 3 to 9 per cent among 

 adults. Intranuclear inclusions in vascu- 

 lar endothelial cells especially in cerebral 

 endothelium; sometimes in hepatic cells 

 and endothelial cells of liver and kidney ; 

 no intracytoplasmic inclusions; virus in 

 heart blood, spleen, and brain ; in carriers, 

 virus is believed to persist in focal lesions 

 in upper respiratory tract. Experimen- 

 tallj' in susceptible dogs, sometimes 

 coryza, discharge from eyes and nose 

 often purulent, commonly fits of excite- 

 ment, coma, death; recovery rare; cellu- 

 lar infiltration in the central nervous sj^s- 

 tem, focal necrosis of the liver; specific 



intranuclear inclusions in cells of the 

 vascular endothelium, meningeal cells, 

 reticulo-endothelium, hepatic cells, and 

 occasionally in cortical cells of the 

 adrenal. 



Transmission : Experimentally, by skin 

 scarification, intramuscular injection, in- 

 traperitoneal injection, inoculation of 

 cisterna. intratesticular injection, inocu- 

 lation of nasal cavity; not by corneal 

 scarification. 



Immunological relationships : Injec- 

 tions of this virus afford no immunity to 

 subsequent infection by canine distemper 

 virus. 



Filterabilit J' : Passes Berkefeld X filter. 



Other properties : Viable in 50 per cent 

 glycerine for several j'ears, in carcass for 

 several days. 



Literature: Barton and Green, Am. 

 Jour. Hyg., 37, 1943, 21-36; Green, Proc. 

 Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., 23, 1926, 677- 

 678; Am. Jour. Hyg., 13, 1931, 201-223; 

 Green and Dewey, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, 

 and Med., 27, 1929, 129-130; Green and 

 Evans, Am. Jour. Hyg., 29 (B), 1939, 

 73-87; Green and Shillinger, ibid., 19, 

 1934, 362-391 ; Green et al., ibid., 12, 

 1930, 109-129; 14, 1931, 35.3-373; 18, 1933, 

 462-481 ; 19, 1934, 343-361 ; 21, 1935, 366- 

 388; 24, 1936, 57-70; Lucas, Am. Jour. 

 Path., 16, 1940, 7.39-760. 



8. Tarpeia viverrae spec. nor. From 

 Latin viverra, ferret. 



Common name: Ferret -distemper 

 virus. 



Host : MUSTELIDAE—Mnstelafuro. 

 ferret. 



Insusceptible species : Dog, mouse, rat, 

 guinea pig, rabbit. 



Geographical distribution: United 

 States. 



Induced disease: In ferret, fever to 

 105 or 106° F, lethargy, loss of appetite, 

 conjunctivitis with exudate closing eyes, 

 sometimes a purulant nasal discharge, 

 weight loss small, sneezing rare, difficulty 

 in breathing, death 14 to 56 days after 

 inoculation (average 20 days), sometimes 



