1274 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTEfilOLOGf 



preceded by convulsions and other nerv- 

 ous signs ; fatality rate 70 to 100 per cent. 



Transmission: By cage contacts. By 

 feeding. Experimentally by intranasal, 

 subcutaneous, or intradermal inoculation. 



Immunological relationships: In im- 

 munized animals, no cross immunity with 

 canine distemper virus nor with human 

 influenza virus. 



Thermal inartivation : At 60° C in 30 

 minutes. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld N filter. 



Other properties : Viable at least 3, but 

 not 5, months in 50 per cent neutral gly- 

 cerine ; at least 4 months when frozen and 

 dried in vacuo. 



Literature : Slanetz and Smetana, Jour. 

 Exp. Med., 66, 1937, 653-666; Spooner, 

 Jour. H3^g., 38, 1938, 79-89. 



9. Tarpeia avium s-pec. nov. From 

 Latin aves, fowl of tlie air. 



Common names : Laryngotracheitis 

 virus; also known as infectious laryn- 

 gotracheitis virus and as infectious bron- 

 chitis virus. 



Hosts : PHASIANIDAE—Gallus gal- 

 lus (L.), chicken. Experimentally, also 

 PHASIAN ID AE— pheasant ; Fi hybrid 

 between male Ringneck pheasant and 

 female bantam chicken ; chorioallantoic 

 membrane of developing chicken embryo 

 (with macroscopic lesions on membrane 

 as a result of proliferative and necrotic 

 changes) ; turkey embryo. 



Insusceptible species : Guinea fowl (no 

 evidence of disease on inoculation) ; white 

 rat, guinea pig, rabbit ; embr\'Os of pigeon, 

 guinea fowl, and duck. 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States, Canada, Australia. 



Induced disease : In domestic chicken, 

 mostly among pullets and yearling hens, 

 loss of appetite, lachrymation from one or 

 both eyes, respiratory distress, hemor- 

 rhagic and mucous exudate in lumen of 

 trachea and occasionally^ in t he bronchi ; 

 death as a result of asphyxiation or, more 

 often, recovery; recovered birds occa- 

 sionally carry the virus in the upper 



respiratory tract for some time (a period 

 of 467 days has been recorded) ; virus is 

 not found on eggs during an outbreak in 

 a flock, but is always in trachea of an 

 affected bird; intranuclear inclusions in 

 tracheal lesions ; virus has special affinity 

 for mucous membrane of eye, nostril, 

 larynx, trachea, cloaca, and bursa of 

 Fabricius ; usually affects more than half 

 the birds in a flock, with a mortality of 5 

 to 60 per cent (averaging between 10 and 

 20 per cent). 



Transmission : By contacts. Experi- 

 mentally, by intrabursal injection (in 

 bursa of Fabricius) or by rubbing the 

 mucous membrane in the dorsal region of 

 the outer or proctodeal part of the cloaca 

 with a small cotton swab moistened with 

 a suspension of virus. 



Serological relationships : Serum from 

 recovered fowl neutralizes virus ; dilution 

 tends to reactivate neutralized virus. 



Immunological relationships : Experi- 

 mental infection of cloaca and bursa of 

 Fabricius, especially in 2 to 4-month-old 

 birds, immunizes against infection by 

 subsequent tracheal inoculation. 



Thermal inactivation : At 55.5° C in 10 

 to 15 minutes ; at 60° C in 2 to 3 minutes ; 

 at 75° C in J to i minute ; all tests with 

 virus in the presence of tracheal exudate. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V and 

 N filters. 



Strains : A Victorian strain has been re- 

 ported as of low virulence for fowls. 



Other properties : Inactivated in 5 per 

 cent phenol in 1 minute ; in 3 per cent 

 cresol compound in | minute ; in 1 per cent 

 sodium hydroxide in ^ minute. Viable in 

 tracheal fluid in dark for 75, not 110, days ; 

 in light for 6, not 7, hours ; in buffer solu- 

 tion at pH 7.4 for 131 days ; at 4 to 10° C 

 in dark for at least 217 days ; in dried state 

 for at least 661 days. Viable in dead 

 body at 37° C for 22, not 44, hours ; at 13 

 to 23° C for 10, not 15, days; at 4 to 10° 

 C for 30, not 60, days. 



Literature : Beach, Science, 72, 1930, 

 633-634; Jour. Exp. Med., 54, 1931, 809- 

 816; Jour. Inf. Dis., 57, 1935, 133-135; 



