1276 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



in minced swine testicle on solid serum- 

 agar and on egg membrane, increase being 

 limited to the living tissues from the 

 swine and furnishing inoculum active in 

 amounts as small as 10~^ ml. 



Transmission : By feeding. Through 

 air contamination. Rarely by contact. 

 Experimentally, by subcutaneous injec- 

 tion. Urine highly infective. Virus in 

 blood and all tissues early in disease. 



Serological relationships : Immune 

 serum affords passive protection. 



Thermal inactivation : At 55° C in 30 

 minutes ; at 60° C in 10 minutes. At 72° 

 C in 1 hour in dried blood. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld filter. 



Other properties : Viable in blood in 

 cool, dark place at least 6 years. 



Literature : De Kock et al., Onder- 

 stepoort Jour. Vet. Sci. and Anim. In- 

 dust., 14-, 1940, 31-93; Hecke, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 126, 1932, 517-526; 

 Montgomery, Jour. Comp. Path, and 

 Therap., Sit, 1921, 159-191 ; Rohrer, Arch. 

 Tierheilk., 62, 1930, 345-372, 439-462; 

 6J^, 1931, 124-143; TenBroeck, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 74, 1941, 427-432. 



2. Tortor bovis spec. nov. From Latin 

 bos, cow. 



Common names : Cattle-plague virus, 

 virus of pestis bovina, runderpest virus, 

 Rinderpest virus. 



Hosts : BOVIDAE—Bos tavrus L., do- 

 mestic cattle ; swine, buffalo, zebu cattle, 

 sheep, goat , camel, deer. Koedoe, eland, 

 bushbuck, duiker, and other antelopes. 



Insusceptible species: Man, solipeds, 

 carnivora. 



Geographical distribution : Widespread 

 over Asia and the Asiatic islands. At 

 times in Western Europe. Enzootically 

 in Turkey. Periodically in North Africa, 

 especially in Egypt ; at times throughout 

 Africa. Not in North America. At 

 times in South America, Australia (sup- 

 pressed quickly). 



Induced disease: In domestic cattle, 

 after 3 to 9 days, febrile reaction, restless- 

 ness, loss of appetite, cessation of rumina- 



tion ; fever highest at 5th or 6th day of 

 disease, then temperature drops to normal 

 or subnormal and diarrhea begins ; muzzle 

 dry, coat staring, hair dull, skin moist in 

 parts; twitching of superficial muscles, 

 grinding of teeth, arching of back, glairy 

 discharge from nose, redness of mucous 

 membranes ; restlessness increases, diar- 

 rhea becomes severe with fetid, blood- 

 stained or blackish liquid discharges ; 

 weakness, drooping of ears, occasional 

 yawning, coldness of extremities; occa- 

 sionally excitement precedes weakness ; 

 skin may become red and moist, showing 

 protuberances and vesicles, with matted 

 hair ; later wrinkling and scab formation ; 

 conjunctiva red, eyelids swollen, tears 

 flowing, followed by mucous, then puru- 

 lent, discharge; sometimes a cough 

 develops and respirations become rapid; 

 red spots inside mouth develop into ero- 

 sions or ulcers, often confluent ; pregnant 

 animals often abort; milk of cows de- 

 creases, sometimes becoming yellow and 

 watery. Death is sometimes early (1 to 

 2 days after first manifestations of dis- 

 ease), more often delayed (4 to 7 days) ; 

 .sometimes animals live 2 or 3 weeks or 

 longer. Disease milder and more chronic 

 where enzootic ; morbidity to 100 per cent 

 and mortality to 96 per cent in new areas. 

 Recovered animals show a lasting, sterile 

 mmunity. Urine, feces, nasal and lach- 

 rymal discharges, sweat, aqueous humour, 

 cerebrospinal fluid, lymph, emulsions of 

 viscera and muscles, and blood are infec- 

 tive during the course of the disease. 



Transmission : By contact, even during 

 prodromal period; by contaminated food, 

 troughs, or other articles. No insect 

 vector is known. 



Immunological relationships : One at- 

 tack confers a lasting immunity, except 

 rarely, when a mild second attack may 

 occur. A calf from a diseased mother 

 may be resistant if pregnancy was far 

 advanced when the disease occurred. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V filter 

 candle, with difficult J^ 



Other properties : Remains infective at 



