1278 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Literature : Alexander, Onderstepoort 

 Jour. Vet. Sci. and Anim. Indust., 4, 

 1935, 291-322, 323-348, 349-377, 379-388; 

 7, 1936, 11-16; U, 1938, 9-19; Alexander 

 and DuToit, ibid., 2, 1934, 375-391; 

 Alexander and Mason, ibid., 16, 1941, 

 19-32; Alexander et al., ibid., 7, 1936, 

 17-30; DuToit et al., ibid., 1, 1933, 21-24, 

 25-50; Henning, in Animal Diseases in 

 South Africa, Central News Agencj', 

 Limited, South Africa, 2, 1932, 516-538; 

 M'Fadyean, Jour. Comp. Path, and 

 Therap., 13, 1900, 1-20; 23, 1910, 27-33, 

 325-328; Nieschulz and DuToit, Onder- 

 stepoort Jour. Vet. Med. and Anim. 

 Indust., 8, 1937, 213-268; Poison, ibid., 

 16, 1941, 33-50, 51-66; Nature, H8, 1941, 

 593-594; Theiler, Deutsch. tierarztl. 

 Wochenschr., 9, 1901, 201-203, 221-226, 

 233-237, 241-242 ; Report for 1905-1906 of 

 the Govt. Veterinary Bacteriologist, 

 Transvaal Dept. Agr., 1907, 160-162; 

 Jour. Comp. Path, and Therap., 23, 1910, 

 315-325. 



4. Tortorequaes73ec.no;'. From Latin 

 equa, mare. 



Common name : Mare-abortion virus. 



Hosts: EQUIDAE — Equus caballus 

 L., horse. Experimentally, also Syrian 

 hamster (newborn); tissues of human 

 placenta grafted on the chorioallantois of 

 the chick embryo. 



Insusceptible species : Chicken (em- 

 bryo ; no observed susceptibility). 



Induced disease : In horse, small, mul- 

 tiple, grayish white areas of necrosis in 

 the livers of aborted fetuses; acidophilic 

 intranuclear inclusions in hepatic cells 

 around these foci, in epithelial cells of 

 bile ducts, and in bronchial epithelium; 

 petechial hemorrhages in the heart, 

 spleen, and lungs; excess fluid in the 

 thoracic cavity. 



Transmission: By contact. By living 

 in contaminated stalls. 



Literature : Anderson and (ioodpasture, 

 Am. Jour. Path., 18, 1942, 555-561; 

 Dimock, Jour. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 96, 

 1940, 665-666; Dimock and Edwards, 

 Cornell Vet., 26, 1936, 231-240; Goodpas- 



ture and Anderson, Am. Jour. Path., 18, 

 1942, 563-575; Hupbauer, Munch. Tier- 

 arztl. Wchnschr., 89, 1938, 37-38; Miess- 

 ner and Harms, Deutsche Tierarztl. 

 Wchnschr., 46, 1938, 745-748. 



5. Tortor ovis spec. nov. From Latin 

 ovis, sheep. 



Common name : Blue-tongue virus. 



Hosts: BOVIDAE—Ovis aries L., 

 sheep; Bos taurus L., cattle. 



Geographical distribution : South 

 Africa. 



Induced disease : Both sheep and cattle 

 may carry the virus at times without 

 obvious manifestations of disease or there 

 may be severe manifestations. In sheep, 

 experimentally, diffuse hyperemia of 

 buccal mucosa, especially of lips ; then 

 petechiae and ecchymoses followed by 

 excoriations and necrosis of the mucous 

 membrane, especially on lips, tongue, 

 inside of cheeks, dental pad, gums, muz- 

 zle, and external nares; sometimes deep 

 seated necrotic ulcers on tongue de- 

 veloping from the more usual superficial 

 necrotic process ; mucoid discharge from 

 nostrils, becoming muco-hemorrhagic ; 

 commonly frothing at the mouth in early 

 stages of the disease; frequently redden- 

 ing of skin of lips and nose ; rarely whole 

 skin becomes flushed and wool is shed; 

 often swelling of vulva with necrotic 

 changes on borders and petechiae in 

 mucosa ; tongue sometimes swollen ; lame- 

 ness common and severe; recovery or 

 death. In cattle, edema of lips and 

 tongue; hyperemia of oral mucosa; mul- 

 tiple hemorrhages in skin, lips, mucous 

 membrane of the lips, tongue, dental pad, 

 buccal cavity, small intestine, myocar- 

 dium, epicardium, and endocardium, less 

 frequently in the trachea, nasal cavity, 

 bladder, urethra, pulmonary artery, and 

 pleura; localized necrotic areas followed 

 by ulceration on lips, gums, the dental 

 pad, tongue, mucous membrane of the 

 rumen, pylorus of the stomach, and the 

 external nares ; scattered skin lesions with 

 reddening, slight exudation, crusting, 

 sloughing of crusts and hair together, 



