1280 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



and seek shade, drooping of wings and 

 tail ; eyes closed or partly closed ; some 

 dyspnea; in some cases, edema of head 

 and neck; in late stages, sometimes 

 cyanosis of comb and skin; staggering, 

 twitching, or spasms; fever may disap- 

 pear and temperature become subnormal 

 before death; recovery in about 30 per 

 cent of all cases ; linear and punctiform 

 hemorrhages throughout body. 



Transmission : Method of natural trans- 

 mission unknown. The fowl louse, Goni- 

 oides dissimilis {PHILOPTERIDAE), 

 has been suspected as vector (Maggiora 

 and Tombolato, Rendiconti, Accademia 

 delle Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna, 

 n.s. 27, 1923, 200-203). Experimentally, 

 by subcutaneous, intramuscular, and 

 intravenous injection. 



Serological relationships : Specific neu- 

 tralizing antiserum does not react with 

 influenza virus. No reaction of fowl- 

 plague virus with antisera specific for 

 canine distemper, influenza, or Rift 

 Valley fever viruses. 



Thermal inactivatioii : At 55° C in 1 

 hour in whole blood or brain. 



Filterability : Passes membrane of 

 average pore diameter 150, not 100, not 

 ordinarily 125, millimicrons. Passes 

 Berkefeld and Chamberland filters. 



Other properties : Particle diameter es- 

 timated by filtration as 60 to 90 millimi- 

 crons; by centrifugation, as 120 to 130 

 millimicrons. Viable after exposure in 

 1 : 10,000 dilution for 10 minutes, in 2 mm 

 layer of 1:50,000 methylene blue, 15 cm 

 from a 300 candle-power filament lamp. 

 Withstands drjdng. Precipitates from 

 salt-free solutions or in presence of half- 

 saturated ammonium sulphate solutions; 

 virus held to be of globulin nature by 

 Mrowka, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Ov\g., 67, 

 1912, 249-268. 



Strains : Variant strains have been 

 produced by intracerebral passage in 

 brains of canaries and mice. 



Literature : Bechhold and Schlesingcr, 

 Biochem. Ztschr., 236, 1931, 387-414; 

 Ztschr. Hyg. Infektionskr., 112, 1931, 



668-679; Burnet and Ferry, Brit. Jour. 

 Exp. Path., 15, 1934, 56-64; Centanni, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 31, 1902, 

 145-152, 182-201 ; Elford and Todd, Brit. 

 Jour. Exp. Path., U, 1933, 240-246; 

 Findlay and Mackenzie, ibid., 18, 1937, 

 146-155, 258-264; Findlay et al., Jour. 

 Path, and Bact., 45, 1937, 589-596 ; Lepine 

 Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 121, 1936, 

 509-510; Mackenzie and Findlay, Brit. 

 Jour. Exp. Path., 18, 1937, 138-145; 

 Nieschulz and Bos, Cent, f . Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 131, 1934, 1-6; Plotz and Haber, 

 Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 125, 1937, 

 339-340. 



8. Tortor furens spec. nov. From 

 Latin /wrere, to rage. 



Common name : Newcastle -disease 

 virus. 



Hosts : PHASIANIDAE—Gallus gal- 

 lus (L.), domestic chicken. HOMINI- 

 DAE — Homo sapiens L., man (by labora- 

 tory accident). Experimentally, also 

 pigeon; chick embryo (with primary 

 lesions and cytoplasmic inclusions in 

 chorioallantoic membrane ) . 



Geographical distribution : England, 

 probably also East Indies, Korea, Japan, 

 Lidia, Australia. 



Induced disease : In chicken, acute, 

 febrile, highly contagious, usually fatal 

 disease resembling fowl plague ; loss of 

 appetite, crouching attitude, half closed 

 eyes, rapid respirations, waterj^ yellow- 

 ish-white diarrhea with nauseating odor ; 

 death usuallj' between 6th and 8th day. 

 In man, accidentally infected in labora- 

 tory by virus sprayed into eye, virus 

 recoverable from temporarily inflamed 

 eye ; recovery in 8 days with gradual in- 

 crease of specific antibodies in blood. 



Transmission : By contact between 

 liealthy and diseased birds. 



Serological relationships : Antiserum 

 effective in neutralizing homologous 

 virus. 



Immunological relationships : Chickens 

 immune to infection by fowl-plague virus 

 are susceptible to infection by this virus 



