1282 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



FAMILY V. TRIFURACEAE FAM. NOV. 



Viruses of the Infectious Aneniia Group, inducing diseases niainly characterized by- 

 disturbances in balance of blood cells. There is a single genus. 



Genus Trifur gen. nov. 



With characters of the family. Generic name from Latin trifur, arrant thief. 

 The type species is Trifur equorum spec. nov. 



I. Affecting horse. 

 II. Affecting fowl. 



Key to the species of genus Trifur. 



1. Trifur equorum. 



2. Trifur gallinarum^ 



1. Trifur equorum spec. nov. From 

 Latin equus, horse. 



Common name : Equine infectious- 

 anemia virus. 



Hosts: EQU I DAE— Equus caballus 

 L., horse; E. asinus L., donkey. HO- 

 MINIDAE — Homo sapiens L., man. 

 Experimentally, also EQU I DAE— Equus 

 asinus X E. caballus, mule. SUIDAE 

 — Sus scrofa L., swine. 



Insusceptible species: BOVIDAE — 

 Bos taurus L., cattle; Ovis aries L., 

 sheep; Capra hircus L., goat. CANI- 

 DAE — Canis familiaris L., dog. 



Geographical distribution : Europe, 

 Union of South Africa, United States, 

 Canada, Japan; at times in most parts of 

 the world; not Australia. 



Induced disease : In horse, progressive 

 anemia with eventual death or clinical 

 recovery and retention of virus; disease 

 may be acute, subacute, or chronic; in 

 acute disease, temperature rise to 104 to 

 105° F. or even 106 to 107° F, remaining 

 high much of the time until death or 

 change to subacute or chronic form; in 

 the acute form of the disease there is dull- 

 ness, decreased appetite, drooping of 

 head, flexing of limb not supporting 

 weight; sometimes increase in pulse 

 frequency to 70 or even 100 a minute but 

 oftener rates around 50 a minute ; con- 

 junctiva sometimes colored orange, with 

 injection of vessels and petechiae, later 

 becoming muddy colored or pale red, 

 membrane, edematous; uncertain gait, 



trailing of hind feet, prostration, some- 

 times death; subacute disease milder and 

 with remissions ; chronic disease stilt 

 milder, anemia conspicuous, sometimes 

 death from debility or at end of a febrile 

 attack; blood infective long (3 to 7 years) 

 after clinical recovery; urine infective to 

 horse by mouth. In man, diarrhea al- 

 ternating with constipation, herpes-like 

 exanthema on abdominal wall, blood 

 sometimes in feces ; persistent headache, 

 temperature normal ; later, lumbar pains, 

 generalized edema, general debility, loss 

 of flesh, pallor of face and mucosae; fil- 

 tered blood in 1 ml. amount fatal to 

 horse, inducing infectious anemia; im- 

 provement after 2 to 4 years. In swine, 

 experimentally, sometimes no outward 

 and obvious signs of disease but blood, 

 abnormal and infective ; sometimes severe; 

 anemia, fever, prostration, loss of appe- 

 tite. 



Thermal inactivation : At 58 to 60° C 

 in 1 hour. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld Y filter 

 candle. 



Other properties : Yiable in. blood in 

 citrate saline at — 2° C for at least a year. 

 Drying does not inactivate in 10 days but 

 does in 1 month. 



Literature : DeKock., Union of South 

 Africa, Dept. of Agv., 9th and 10th Re- 

 ports for 1923, Pretoria 1924, 253-313; 

 Habersang, Mouatshefte fiir prakt. Tier- 

 heilk., SO, 1920, X71-176; Kutsche, ibid., 

 30, 1920, 557-56^; Peters, Jour. Am. Vet. 



