FAMILY TRIFURACEAE 



1283 



Med. Assoc, 66, 1924, 363-366; Theiler 

 and Kehoe, Union of South Africa, Dept. 

 of Agr., 3rd and 4th Reports of the Direc- 

 tor of Veterinary Research, 1915, 215-289. 



2. Trifur gallinarum spec. nov. From 

 Latin gallina, hen. 



Common name : Fowl -leucosis virus. 



Host : Gallus gallus (L.), chicken. 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States, England, Europe. 



Induced disease : In chicken, neuro- 

 lymphomatosis, with eye lesions (slate 

 gray or bluish color replacing normal bay 

 color of iris), anemia, hemocytoblastosis, 

 lymphoid, erythroid or myeloid types of 

 leucosis; the hemocytoblastosis is fol- 

 lowed by infiltration of the central ner- 

 vous system, peripheral nerves, iris, and 

 many visceral organs by hemocytoblasts 

 and lymphocytes, producing lesions some- 

 times resembling neoplasms and consist- 

 ing chiefly of hemocytoblasts (hemocyto- 

 blastomata) ; marrow of radius and ulna 

 becomes hyperplastic ; virus in blood 

 plasma, blood cells, emulsions of organs; 

 blood normal in its hydrogen-ion concen- 

 tration ; recovery never complete ; ^ome 

 stocks less susceptible than others. 



Transmission : By pen contact or con- 

 taminated litter. Experimentally by in- 

 travenous injection of cell -free filtrates. 

 Not by the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens 

 and Aedes aegypti {CULICIDAE) . Day- 

 old chicks from iritis parents contain the 

 infective agent and show some form of the 

 induced disease in 80 per cent of the 

 progeny if both parents show iritis, in 70 

 per cent if male is normal, 15 per cent if 

 female is normal. 



Serological relationships : Specific neu- 

 tralizing antibodies are formed in the 

 rabbit as a result of injecting infective 

 materials partly purified by sedimenta- 

 tion in the ultracentrifuge. 



Thermal inactivation : At 56° C in 30 

 minutes. 



Filterability : Passes Berkefeld V, N, 

 and W filter candles ; 1.5 per cent, but not 

 often 3 per cent, collodion membranes; 

 Seitz asbestos filter. 



Other properties : Viable after drying 

 at least 54 days, in glycerine at least 104 

 days, at 4° C at least 14 days, at —60° C at 

 least 6 months ; after freezing and thaw- 

 ing, and after freezing in liquid air. Not 

 viable after 14 days at 37.5° C. Particle 

 diameter between 100 and 400 millimi- 

 crons. 



Literature : Ellermann and Bang, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 46, 1908, 4-5, 595- 

 609; Furth, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and 

 Med., 27, 1929, 155-157 ; Jour. Exp. Med., 

 53, 1931, 243-267; 55, 1932, 465-478, 495- 

 504; 58, 1933, 253-275; 59, 1934, 501-517; 

 Furth and Miller, ibid., 55, 1932, 479-493 ; 

 Hall et al., Am. Jour. Vet. Res., ;?, 1941, 

 272-279; J^rmai, Arch, wissensch. u. 

 prakt. Tierhielk., 62, 1930, 113-131; 

 Johnson, Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. 

 Bull. 56, 1934, 1-32; Johnson and Bell, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 58, 1936, 342-348; Kabat 

 and Furth, Jour. Exp. Med., 71, 1940, 

 55-70; 74, 1941, 257-261 ; Lee and Wilcke, 

 Am. Jour. Vet. Res., 2, 1941, 292-294; 

 Lee et al., Jour. Infect. Dis., 61, 1937, 

 1-20; Pierce, Am. Jour. Path., 18, 1942, 

 1127-1139; Ratcliffe and Stubbs, Jour. 

 Inf. Dis., 56, 1935, 301-304. 



