The Red-winged Blackbirds 



Basin, thence intergrading indeterminably with californicus upon the north, and acicu- 

 latus upon the northeast. 



Authorities. — Gambel, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. i., 1847, p. 48 

 (part); Henshaw, Rept. Orn. Wheeler Surv., 1876, p. 276 (critical) ; Beat, Bull. Div. 

 Biol. Surv., no. 13, 1900, pp. 44-45 (part) (food); Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 

 vol. iii., 1901, pp. 153, 154 (description and range of neutralis); Daggett, Condor, vol. v., 

 1903, p. 52 (critical). 



No. 19b Sonora Redwing 



A. 0. U. No. 498a. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway. 



Description. — Similar to A. p. neutralis, but male slightly larger and with 

 slenderer bill. The adult female lighter, with streaks more strongly contrasted above, 

 those of lower parts rather narrower and not so dark, the upperparts more extensively 

 rusty. Measurements, 13 specimens (after Ridgway): Wing 125.5 (4.90); tail 93.5 

 (3.68); bill 23.9 (.94); depth at base 12.4 (.49); tarsus 30.5 (1.20). 24 adult females: 

 Wing 98.8 (3.89); tail (17 birds) 72.9 (2.87); bill 19.8 (.78); depth at base 9.9 (.39); 

 tarsus 26.7 (1.05). 



Range of A. p. sonoriensis. — Southeastern California, southwestern Arizona (at 

 least the valleys of the Gila and lower Colorado rivers), and the coastal plains of Sonora 

 south to Tepic. 



Distribution in California. — Resident in the Imperial Valley, on the Colorado 

 Desert west (at least) to Mecca, and in the valley of the Colorado River north (at least) 

 to Needles (Grinnell). 



Authorities. — Gambel, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. i., 1847, p. 48; 

 Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Birds, vol. ii., 1895, p. 453; Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. 

 Sci., vol. iii., 1901, p. 154 (range) ; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 12, 1914, pp. 

 161-163 (crit. ; range; habits) ; Howell and van Rossem, Condor, vol. xvii., 1915, p. 233. 



No. 19c Nevada Redwing 



A. O. U. No. 498e, part. Agelaius phoeniceus nevadensis Grinnell. 



Description. — "In shape of bill and other general characters closely similar to 

 A. p. sonoriensis; male scarcely distinguishable, but female conspicuously darker 

 colored, on account of the great 1 elative breadth of black streaking both above and 

 below; in this respect similar to female of A. p. caurinus, but bright rusty edgings on 

 back and wing replaced by ashy and pale ochraceous; bill in male of caurinus more 

 slender than in either sonoriensis or nevad.nsis." (Orig. descr.). 



Range of A. p. nevadensis. — Undefined. Originally described from northern 

 Nevada, nevadensis is presumed to be the breeding form of the Great Basin region, and 

 of the Columbian Plateau north into British Columbia. 



Distribution in California. — The plateau region of northeastern California 

 and the eastern slopes of the Sierras south (at least) to Lone Pine. 



Authorities. — Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. xxvii., 1914, pp. 107-108 

 (original description). 



No. I9d Northwestern Redwing 



A. O. U. No. 498L Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus Ridgway. 



Description. — Similar to A. p. nevadensis, and males distinguishable only by 

 somewhat slenderer bills; but females show slight increase of the ruddy element in the 



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