The Spotted Towhees 



usually sunk deeply in loose leaf-waste or trash; composed of grasses, bark-strips, 

 dried leaves, lined with fine grasses. Eggs: 3 or 4; white or palest bluish, grayish, 

 or pinkish, finely and heavily and oftenest uniformly sprinkled or spotted with reddish 

 brown (cameo-brown to liver-brown). In more heavily marked specimens the color 

 tends to coalesce in a cloud cap. Av. of 13 specimens in M. C. O. coll.: 23 x 17.3 

 (.905 x .68). Season: May, June; one or two broods. 



Range of Pipilo maculatus. — Western North America from British Columbia 

 and southern Saskatchewan to Guatemala. 



Range of P. m. megalonyx. — Resident in the Pacific Coast district of southern 

 California and northern Lower California, north along coast to San Luis Obispo County, 

 east to southern Sierras (northern Kern County). Also Santa Cruz Island and (pre- 

 sumably) Santa Rosa. 



Authorities. — Gambel {Pipilo arcticus), Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. i.. 

 1847, p. 54 (?) (California) ; Baird, Rep. Pac. R. R. Surv., vol. ix., 1858, p. 515 (Ft. 

 Tejon; orig. desc); Swarth, Condor, vol. vii., 1905, p. 171, fig., map (distr.; crit.); ibid., 

 vol. xv., 1913, p. 167, fig., map (distr.; crit.); Howell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, no. 12, 1917, 

 p. 85 (Santa Cruz Id.). 



No. 67b San Clemen te Towhee 



A. O. U. No. 588c. Pipilo maculatus clementae Grinnell. 



Description. — "General size slightly greater than in megalonyx: bill and feet 

 appreciably larger. Coloration grayer than in megalonyx; black areas in the male 

 duller and less intense; rump and lower back more or less mixed with grayish" (Swarth). 



Range of P. m. clementae (Wholly within California). — San Clemente and 

 Santa Catalina islands; resident. 



Authorities. — Cooper {Pipilo megalonyx), Orn. Calif., 1870, p. 242, part 

 (San Clemente and Santa Catalina Ids,.); Grinnell, Auk, vol. xiv., 1897, p. 294 (San 

 Clemente Id.; orig. desc); Pasadena Acad. Sci. Pub., no. 1, 1897, p. 19 (habits, notes, 

 etc.); Howell, Pac. Coast Avifauna, no. 12, 1917, p. 85 (distr., habits, etc.). 



No. 67c San Francisco Towhee 



A. O. U. No. 588b. Pipilo maculatus falcifer McGregor. 



Description. — Similar to P. m. megalonyx, but averaging slightly smaller; 

 white spotting more restricted; hind toe and claw weaker. 



Range of P. m. falcifer. — Resident in the humid coast strip from Monterey 

 County north to and perhaps beyond the northern boundary of California. 



Authorities. — Townsend {Pipilo maculatus oregonus), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 vol. x., 1887, p. 220 (Humboldt Co.); Cohen, Bull. Cooper Orn. Club, vol. i., 1899, 

 p. 61 (nesting habits, at Alameda); McGregor, Condor, vol. ii., 1900, p. 43 (Palo Alto; 

 orig. desc.) ; .BeaZ, U. S. Dept. Agric, Biol. Surv. Bull., no. 34, 1910, p. 86, part (food in 

 Calif.); Swarth, Condor, vol. xv., 1913, p. 175, fig., map (crit., range, etc.). 



No. 67d Oregon Towhee 



A. O. U. No. 588b. Pipilo maculatus oregonus Bell. 



Description. — Similar to P. m. megalonyx but darker every way. White 

 spotting on scapulars, etc., much rectricted; outermost pair of rectrices not edged 

 with white. 



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