112 Sources of the Punjab Rivers. [No. 110. 



at a large straggling town called Ruttooa, from that passing through 

 Heeranugur, Chungee Marhee, Mudwar Harmunder, Rarha, and Pullee, 

 I reached the bank of the Tohi, the Jummoo River which was rushing 

 along deep and red, having been swollen by heavy rain in the lower hills. 

 There I was detained until the evening, as no boatman even with a bribe 

 would venture his boat in the rapid current. At Jummoo I occupied an 

 upper room in a gateway prepared for reception by Golab Singh's 

 eldest son, Oodhum Singh, w T ho was lately killed at Lahore. 



The town of Jummoo is about the same size as Noorpoor, but it con- 

 tains fewer inhabitants, as there are no two storied houses in it. A few 

 Shawls are manufactured at Jummoo, but they are made to order and not 

 for general sale. Rajah Oodhum Singh treated me kindly enough ; but 

 my servants were watched, and 1 was unable to procure any information 

 of value, I therefore quitted Ju nmoo as quickly as possible, and crossed 

 the Chenab river 10 miles below Aknoor, near where Taimoor had crossed 

 it. The main stream was 920 yards wide, rolling swiftly on with a 

 strong current. There were besides six other channels, some of them 

 breast deep, and all having a rapid stream ; and beyond these was the 

 river Tohi, which, rising in the Rutun Punjall mountains, flows by 

 Rajaoree, and joins the Chenab above Wazeerabad. It must have been 

 between this river and the Chenab that Alexander had pitched his camp 

 about the same season of the year ; for Arrian says, ' The flat country is 

 also often overflowed by rains in summer, insomuch that the River 

 Acesines, having at that season laid all the adjacent plains under water, 

 Alexander's army was forced to decamp from its banks, and pitch their 

 tents at a great distance.' 



The Tohi, frequently also called Toh, is, I have no doubt, the Tutapus 

 of Arrian, a great river, which falls into the Acesines, for the Tohi of 

 Rajavree runs in a direct line upwards of 80 miles, and where I crossed it 

 near Mumaivur, at the same season in which Alexander had seen it,' it 

 was a great river running deep and red. It was full of quicksands, and 

 the passage was dangerous as well as tedious. On the 3rd of September 

 I reached Bheembur, at the foot of the mountains on the Royal Mogul 

 road to Kashmere. 



On the 5th I proceeded to scale, what Bermier called that ' frightful 

 wall of the world,' the ' Adi Duk' or first range of mountains. On the 

 top of the pass I saw a gibbet with two cages containing the skull of 

 Thums and his nephew, the chiefs of Poonch, who had for a longtime 

 resisted the encroahments of the Jummoo family. A price was set upon 

 their heads by Goolab Singh, but from their known bravery no one dared 



