184 1.1 Capt. Huttoris 'Geological Report. 205 



Near Chini, the mica slate contains occasional small crystals of cyanite, 

 and sometimes passes into chlorite slate. 



A short distance from Chini, the whole hill side has slipped down 

 into the Sutledge, from the action of frost and snow, and the cliff now 

 towers up from the banks of the river, presenting a sheer and perpendi- 

 cular wall of between six and seven thousand feet in height. This 

 vast mass is composed throughout of gneiss, and the road, which is a 

 mere scaffolding, passes along the face of it, at 4,000 feet above the 

 Sutledge, which is seen foaming below. 



From this to the village of Leepee, the formation is pretty nearly the 

 same, consisting of granite, gneiss, hornblende, mica, and quartz. 



The granite about Punggee, Rarung, and Junggee, contains a large pro- 

 portion of hornblende, and at Rarung it is also seen to assume a brick red 

 colour, often traversed with veins of quartz, both red, amber, and white. 

 The red granite appears only in masses imbedded in a yellowish variety, 

 which is the true rock, and which towards Leepee gives place to gneiss and 

 mica slate. Above the last mentioned rock commences the first bed of 

 argillaceous slates, which continues interstratified with greywacke schists 

 to the top of Roonung Pass. The alternations of these strata are frequent, 

 sometimes the one and sometimes the other rock prevailing in thickness. 



These beds are evidently the first indication of the transition, or lowest 

 secondary formation of geologists, and extending across or through the 

 Roonung Pass, downwards to Soongnum, they are seen to support strata of 

 compact greywacke, and beds of quartzose rock, apparently analogous to 

 and holding the place of the old red sandstone of Europe. 



The town of Soongnum stands in a valley immediately between the 

 Roonung Pass in its front and the Hungrung Pass in its rear. In front, 

 the range of hills which form the right side of the Rushkoolung valley 

 are composed of an argillaceous series, consisting of clay stones and grey- 

 wacke slates, of different textures and degrees of induration, and dipping 

 to the S. W. The strata in the rear of the town, forming the left bank, dip, 

 on the contrary, to the N. E. and are composed of greywacke slates, com- 

 pact greywacke, old red sandstone, and a superior stratum of limestone 

 and greywacke. These towards the summit of the range gradually change 

 their dip, and rise up again to the S.W., the whole being surmounted by a 

 bed of dark blue secondary limestone, containing portions of clay and 

 silex. This formation extends along both sides of the Rushkoolung val- 

 ley, even to the Manerung Pass above Manes in Spiti, a distance of about 

 seventeen miles. About seven miles from Soongnum, copper veins occur 

 in their strata of white quartz rock, and veinous quartz, lying occasionally 

 between, or ramifying through, the greywacke and old red sandstone. The 



