226 Ca.pt. Button's Geological' Report. [No. 111. 



Above these various alternations we find the oolite, with its strata of 

 sandstones. 



Captain P. Gerard of the Invalids, informed me that his brother, the late 

 Dr. Gerard, had once discovered some Ammonites in the valley below Suba- 

 thoo, but although I procured and fractured several of the dark rounded 

 balls in which they often occur, I was not fortunate enough to meet with 

 a specimen of the shell. 



About eight miles from Subathoo, in an easterly direction, are rocks 

 of a greyish limestone, rising above the lias and oolitic formation. Im- 

 mediately underlying this are several strata separated by layers of flints 

 of various forms, and imposed upon these, the limestone is first of all 

 stratified and dipping in the same direction, namely, to the S. W.; but 

 the superior portion of the beds rises in shattered and amorphous masses, 

 giving a picturesque and beautiful appearance to the range. This lime- 

 stone is quarried and used for economical purposes ; it is of two kinds, 

 one being of a pale dirty white or greyish colour, and is the stone from 

 which the lime is procured, the other being darker and harder, emitting a 

 strong sulphurous fetid smell when fractured. This latter is little used, 

 and appears to hold the lighter coloured variety imbedded in it in large 

 masses. 



The geological position of this limestone, coupled with the remarkable 

 occurrence of layers of rounded and kidney-shaped flints, leads to the 

 supposition, that it may be analogous to the chalk formation of Europe, 

 and if so, it will follow, that the vast ranges of the Himalya, so long 

 supposed to exhibit strata of gneiss and mica schists alone, will be found 

 to present formations entirely analogous to those of other mountainous 

 countries, even from the granite upwards to the alluvium, at present in 

 course of deposition and accumulation. 



The range on which Subathoo stands, exhibits another example of the 

 effects of what I have termed a double upheavement. 



Seen from the dak bungalow of Chamier, the outcrop of the sandstone 

 strata is seen dipping towards the N. Eastward, while the same rocks 

 from which they have been torn, dip on the Chamier side of the Glen, 

 towards the S. Westward. 



But the N. Easterly dip is not the true direction, for we see again on the 

 opposite side of the same range, that the strata dip likewise to the S. W. 



Therefore, the deep valley or glen between the Subathoo and Chamier 

 ranges is the line of disruption of the strata, causing them, as it were, 

 to dip outward on either hand. 



From Subathoo downwards to the foot of the hills, the strata belong 

 to the lias formation, and gradually fade away until they yield at 



