290 Of the early History of Sindh. [No. 112. 



to each of his brothers, Ghullam AH, Kurm AH, and Murad AH. 

 Futteh Alt Khan and Ghullam died; the former in 1801 a. d. 1216 

 h., and the latter in 1811 a. d. 1226 h. Futteh All left a son, ( Sob- 

 dharj and Ghullam also (Mahomed,) who with their uncles, Murad 

 Ali and Kurum AH, share the government of Sindh, with the title of 

 Ameers. 



Note. — It is impossible to add to the already very luminous and interest- 

 ing history given by Dr. J. Burnes in his visit to the Court of Sindh, 

 of the rulers of the families of the Kaloras and Talpuras ; as my paper 

 would not however have been complete without some notice of their 

 dynasties ; I have compressed them into a close and small space, leaving 

 out most of those incidents which have been so graphically described by 

 Dr. Burnes. T. P. 



Notes on the Manners and Habits of the Torkoman Tribes, with 

 some Geographical Notices of the Country they occupy. — By 

 Edward Stirling, Esq. B. C. S. 



The khonat of Khiva has been described by Mr. M. Mouraviev, 

 who was sent by Russia as an envoy to the Khan, at great length, 

 and he has given considerable interest in the deplorable tale of his 

 sufferings. A barbarous nation, in the lowest state of civilization, can 

 have very few objects to engage much attention ; and if we except 

 their peculiar manners and customs, and mode of warfare, they are 

 entirely destitute of attractions to the inhabitant of a more refined 

 atmosphere. Without antiquities, edifices, laws, learning, science, arts, 

 and commerce, they have little to satisfy or create curiosity. 



The Torkomans bear the greatest resemblance of all other nations 

 to the Arabians ; but they are not decorated with their antiquity of 

 origin ; their celebrity, as conquerors, as legislators, and as fanatics ; 

 their learning, and their reputed science. While the Arabian Khaliffs 

 ruled as the vicegerents of Mahomed, the Torkomans were reckoned 

 among the number of their slaves. Their manners are similar ; they 

 are equally the children of the Desert, inured to fatigue ; pride them- 

 selves on their horses and mares ; infest the high roads for the purpose 

 of plunder, and enslaving their victims; war among themselves; 



