378 Memoranda on the ' Chulchulheera' of the Hills* [No. 113. 



fermenting processes, the first of which is the preparation of fermented 

 urine, and then a sort of fermentation of the lichen with the prepared 

 urine and lime. I am very doubtful whether, at the temperature usually 

 prevailing here, we can obtain the fermented urine at all, in the state in 

 which it is used in Europe, from its passing so rapidly to the incipient 

 putrid state. It may moreover be doubted whether the heat is not also 

 too great for the fermentation o f the lichen. Hence, and because all fer- 

 mentative processes depend so much on heat, and often on the quantity 

 of material used, nothing can be predicted of this failure. 



Lichens from the Himalaya. 



These are, as above stated, a box sent down by Mrs. Siddons in 1838. 

 I have arranged herewith a box of specimens of them, and one of bottles 

 of the liquids produced. I subjoin a note of the colours as they appear 

 when fresh, and I have marked their differences when seen by transmitted 

 or by reflected light, for this appears worth noticing. To be seen properly 

 they must be examined in a bright sunshine. I observe that some of the 

 colours change a little, or become uuller, in a few days. 



Nos. By transmitted Light. By reflected Light. 



1. Crimson red Lighted and duller. 



2. Rich bright Crimson Deeper but very brilliant. 



3. Thin, poor, white-wine colour . The same, 



4. Deep maroon brown A fine clove, or red brown. 



5. Dull red The same. 



6. Very rich port-wine red The same. 



7. Bright white-wine colour, but > j, ii er 



8. Crimson brown The same. 



9. Orange crimson The same. 



10. Crimson Crimson brown. 



1 1 . Deep crimson Brown. 



12. Deep crimson , Bright red. 



13. 14, 15; much like No. 7, but I had but very small quantities to 

 use for testing : — 



16. A poor dirty orange brown The same. 



17. A brilliant crimson The same. 



18. A golden brown Clove brown. 



I should think, from the richness and intensity of the colours, that most 

 of these, excepting perhaps, Nos. 3, 7. 5, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are worth 

 attention ; and it should not be forgotten that they have been certainly 





