1841.] Roree in Khypoor. 413 



autumn of 1839, 3£ or 3| seers of oil sold for one rupee and 30 seers of cake 

 (khur) for the same money. Oil cake is given to cattle with chopped 

 grain stalks (khurbee,) and is not converted to any other use. 



Bullocks employed in a mill wear a cloth over their eyes, and camels 

 small blinkers of basket work to prevent their shying. The pestle which 

 revolves in the mortar has some times a pointed stick attached to it 

 which throws back, of itself, the seeds and cake which fall over the 

 month of the mortar as the pestle passes round. Sometimes a servant 

 sits on the edge of the cavity and performs this office with a rumba, a 

 sort of blunt iron chisel weighing about two pounds. 



The lever E (see Fig. 2) is a piece of timber fastened to the Regulator 

 D. with cords, and pierced by holes furnished with adjusting pins for the 

 purpose of lengthening or shortening it when it is required to increase or 

 diminish the obliquity of the pestle. At the extremity of the horizontal 

 beam C. is a lump of clay modelled in the shape of a basket and bound 

 together with sicks and date ropes. Some heavy stones are piled on the 

 top and form a rude seat for the camel driver, and the camel is yoked to 

 the end of the beam by ropes. 



A camel for turning a mill costs 40 or 50 rupees, a bullock 25 or 30 

 rupees, and a press complete 30 or 40 rupees. The cost of two mills 

 I examined was as follows : — Rs. As. 



Mortar of ghana wood A 20 



Four square beams that surrounded the mortar B 4 



The pestle, lever E, and horizontal beam C. all round 3 



Iron rumba 8 



Four earthen pots for oil, each holding three seers 8 



The carpenter who shapes the wood gets 5 rupees, and a 

 meal a day for as many days as he is employed. It takes 



him about ten days to make a press 5 



Cost of carpenter's food, say 1 



Rs. 34 

 Three men are required for a mill. One drives the camel and feeds the 

 mill, and receives 5 rupees a month and food from his master's kitchen. 

 He is expected to extract four narees of oil when his labour terminates 

 for the day. The second domestic cleans the camels or bullocks and pre- 

 pares their food, and receives 3 rupees a month ; and the third domestic 

 brings water from the Indus for the use of his master's household and 

 cattle and gets 2 rupees a month. All the servants are expected to assist 



occasionally in house work. 



3 F 



