460 Illustrations of the Genera of the Bovince. [No. 114. 



apex having the frontal bones somewhat arched between them as well 

 transversedly as lengthwise, though the evenness of the arcuation both 

 ways be somewhat broken by the saliency of the apex of the parietes, 

 which apex shows itself palpably on the central point of the crown of 

 the forehead sometimes rising a little above and in rear of the cases of 

 the horns. The horns are directed at first outwards, and then reverted 

 upwards and backwards with a bold curve, which often leaves the points 

 not remoter than the bases, in which case the points will tend towards 

 the crown of the withers, or if less curved, directly backwards and 

 parallelly. 



I proceed now to No. 4 or the Bubaline scull, the most signal charac- 

 ters of which are elongation or preponderance of length over boih 

 width and depth, the very large proportion of that length borne by the 

 facial portion in comparison of the frontal or cerebral, and the easy 

 rounded slope by which the clearly convex frontals pass into the occi- 

 pital plane. In regard however to the last named characters there is 

 considerable diversity of degree found in different sculls, those which 

 have the horns directed most backwards from and at their bases being 

 most signal for the confluent rotundity of the frontals and parietals (in 

 some almost as noticeable as in our own heads) and those which have 

 the horns directly least backwards, being least so. Massiveness and 

 size are no doubt further characteristics of the Bubaline scull ; but 

 characters in which it will bear no comparison, at least in regard to 

 weight with that of Bibos, though the vast size of the Arna's horns will 

 sometimes approximate the weight of both scull and horns to that of 

 the scull and horns of Bibos. The Arna or type of Bubalus has 13 

 pair of ribs and no trace of the dorsal ridge of Bibos and of Bison, the 

 ridge line being perfectly straight in the living animal from the nape 

 to the root of the tail. The Arna is one third larger than the finest 

 domestic breeds ofbuffaloe, and, like the wild type of Bibos, is distinguished 

 for a short tail reaching only to the hocks. The limbs are much less 

 fine than in the other Bovines, the body longer in proportion to its height, 

 and the habits quite different, leading the animals perpetually to wallow 

 in mud and water. Mais revenons a nos ossements. The length of the 

 facial portion of the scull compared with that of the frontal is as 15 to 10 

 nearly. The greatest width of the frontals at the two points before 

 indicated is to their length as 10 and 8| respectively to 1\. The frontals 

 in fact are both short and narrow, and they are invariably more or less, 

 and generally markedly, convex, as well transversely between the unsa- 

 lient orbits as lengthwise from behind the orbits to the occiput. The 



