472 On the Geology, Sfc. fyc. [No. 114 



Pakhall tank (for the name of lake, is scarcely in accordance with its 

 artificial embankment) is a fine sheet of water, and takes precedence 

 of all the tanks in Telingana, both as to depth and extent of surface. 

 It is at least thirty miles in circuit when quite full, and besides affording 

 a deep and copious stream for the purposes of irrigation, sends a 

 tributary to the Kistnah, which even at this season of the year 

 merits the name of a small river ; it is bounded on three sides by 

 low hills covered with wood, and although the vegetation is now, par- 

 ched and burnt up, picturesque beauty is by no means wanting to the 

 landscape; immediately after the rains it is quite conceivable that it may 

 vie in scenery with the better known and much lauded Italian Lakes ; 

 considering its extent, its value is small, for its whole circumference to 

 some depth is occupied by a dense jungle, and fifteen hundred bigahs 

 under cultivation from fts irrigation are but slender tribute to the chief of 

 tanks ; the situation is said to be unhealthy, for at least eight months of 

 the year, which may account in part for its thinly peopled neighbour- 

 hood. 



The draught and carriage bullocks met with appear strong and hardy ; 

 they are not equal in symmetry or size to those of Guzerat, or the 

 Ellichpore part of Berar, but very similar to the Malwah animal, to the 

 strength and vigour of which they probably come up ; they are usually of 

 a white colour, and are much sought after by the Bunjarries. The method 

 of breeding and rearing these animals would be deemed singularly judici- 

 ous, did not the necessity of the care, which forces the proprietors into 

 the best mode of management, take from it all merit. The cows 

 from which they are bred are allowed to roam about the jungles in a half 

 wild state, with a few keepers nearly as wild as themselves to tend and 

 occasionally milk them. These possess many of the habits of the wild 

 cattle of South America, and also of the remnants of that aboriginal 

 race still kept in a few British preserves, such as combining for mutual 

 defence, and attacking by the whole herd rushing on in a body ; they 

 guide rather than follow their herdsmen, who wisely enough suffer them 

 to choose their pasture ground by that instinct which domestication blunts 

 without annihilating. In a dry year they congregate in great numbers 

 around this tank, from all parts of the country, during the months of 

 April and May, for the pasturage which at that period in the less exten- 

 sive jungles fails them. 



It is evident that no better means could be devised for keeping up a 

 vigorous and serviceable race of bullocks than this treatment of the 

 cows. 



