832 On Lichens in the Himalayas, [No. 118. 



The cloth is dipped once, twice, thrice, or even oftener, according 

 to the intensity of the colour it is wished to impart, carefully wrung 

 each time, and hand-dried in the shade. The cloths chiefly dyed are 

 those used for pugerees or doputtas. Instead of washing, (which 

 however they will bear without loss of colour,) the cloths are, when 

 soiled, occasionally dipped in whatever portion of the dye may have 

 been left, and put aside for this purpose. 



The Saharanpoor bazar rate of the Chulchelera will give a very fair 

 idea of the cost and charges of not only the Chulchelera, but of all 

 the other kinds, should they become articles of commerce, and be 

 sought after for exportation. 



The Chulchelera, in its rude state, (that is as gathered with admix- 

 tures in the Hills,) is sold in Saharanpoor, when cheap, at rupees 1-8 per 

 maund, or 7 pies the seer, (Zs. per maund, or 4/. 45. per ton) ; and when 

 at the highest price, at from 2-8 to 3 Rs. per maund, which would give 

 from 6/. 6s, to 8/. 8*. per ton. I have no doubt that, in case of an 

 increased demand, the article would also rise in price, and that it would 

 never be procurable at less than 6/. 6s. per ton ; that is, rupees 2-8 

 per maund. At Saharanpoor, it would require (or rather at Nagul or 

 Khalsee) to be picked and properly packed, — an operation which, from 

 its cost, say 4 ans. per cwt. and the reduction in weight it would cause 

 (at least one-third,) would enhance the price from 2-8 to rupees 

 3-10-8, and including the cost of one gunny bag per maund, at least 

 5 ans. more, or say in round numbers rupees 4, or 8 Rs. per maund, 

 or 11/. As. per ton. 



To this, carriage from Saharanpoor to Ghurmuktiser, or rather 

 Sookerthal, a ghat twenty miles above Ghurmuktiser, at the minimum 

 rate of 8 ans. per maund, and freight to Calcutta at no less than 

 1-4, including insurance, &c. ; and we shall find the cost of the article 

 delivered in Calcutta to be 5 rupees 12 ans. per maund, or 16/. 2^. per 

 ton. The freight and expenses to London will not fall much short 

 of 51. thus allowing the Lichen to be delivered in London at 21/. 

 odd. 



The following is a rough guess of the proportions in which the other 

 species I have sent might be obtained, from which it would appear that 

 there would not be much difference in the cost of the several kinds. 



