890 On Lichens. [No. 119. 



informed, that a person could earn 145. per week at this work, selling the 

 material at 3^. 4t?. the stone of 22lbs. The fructified specimens are 

 reckoned the best. 



A remarkable and fructified state of this plant, as it appears to me, is im- 

 ported by Mr. Macintosh from Sicily, with the crust singularly thick, and 

 formed into warts so exceedingly elongated and cylindrical, that they ap- 

 pear like the podatia of an Isidium. — English Flora, vol. v. p. 191. 



Note. — The Lichen tartareus dyes crimson red. In Jutland, Cudbear is made 

 from it by grinding the dry Lichen, sifting it, then setting it to ferment in a 

 close vessel with ammonia. The Lichen must be the third year's growth 

 to yield an abundant dye, and that which grows near the sea is best. 

 It loses half its weight by drying. A single person may gather from 

 20 to 30lbs. a day in situations where it abounds. No less than 2,239,6851bs. 

 were manufactured at Christiannsund, Flekkefiort, and Fahrsund in Norway, 

 in the course of the six years previous to 1812. [This gives an average of 

 166 tons per annum, which at the then market rate of £60, or up- 

 wards, yields a sum of £9,960, as the yearly proceed accruing from 

 the sale of a plant, which its appearance would lead the casual observer 

 to consider as worthless. — H. C] — lire's Dictionary, p. 53. 



Parmelia saxatilis, Ach. 



In Scotland is collected abundantly by the peasantry with P. omphalodes, 

 to dye woollen stuffs of a dirty purple. It grows on trees, rocks, and 

 stones, especially in mountainous districts. 



Note. — The principal species of Parmelia, which I have sent for exa- 

 mination is very likely the P. perforata, the very next species in the 

 English Flora to the above two. — H. C. 



Peltidea aphthora, Ach. 



This is the finest British species of the genus. It derives its name 

 from a circumstance related by Linnaeus, that the Swedish peasants boil it 

 in milk as a cure for the aphthae or thrush in children. — English Flora, vol, 

 \.p. 215. 



Peltidea canina, Ach. 



Formerly employed at the suggestion of Dr. Mead as a cure for the 

 bite of a mad dog, whence the specific nsune.— English Flora, vol. v. p. 215. 



Note. — Dr. Royle mentions this Lichen in his Illustrations as having 

 been found in the Choor. — Vol. i. p. 437. 



Ggrophora. 

 Various species of this genus, (and they are found in cold rocky 

 situations, especially on granite in almost all parts of the world,) con- 



