162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 
8; ligules 2-toothed, 10 to 15 mm. long; disk-flowers somewhat exceed- 
ing the involucre, about equalling the produced tips of the pales; limb of 
the corollas exceeding the tube, the lobes coarsel y tomentose : ray-achenes 
obovoid, 3 mm. long, broadly winged ; wings confluent with the awns and 
squamellae; disk-achenes oblong-turbinate, subtriquetrous, costate, with 
very caducous awns. — Bot. Gaz. xiii. 188 (1888). — Central America. 
Specimens examined,— GUATEMALA : Alta Verapaz, Coban, alt. 1400 m., 
von Tuecrkheim, no. 853 of J. D. Smith’s distrib. 
= = = Achenes of both the ray- and disk-flowers winged, or occasionally wings 
wanting in the ray-flowers. 
a. Achenes long, narrow, not strongly constricted; wings very narrow. South 
American species. 
1. Outer involucral bracts long, foliaceous : ligules wanting. , 
— 85. Z. FOLtIosa, Rusby in herb. Nearly herbaceous, leafy-stemmed : 
leaves commonly 1 to 2 dm. long, about half as broad, ovate, acuminate 
at the apex, subcordate or somewhat attenuate at the base, serrate, above 
strigose, beneath scabrous-puberulent ; petioles margined, 1 to 4 em. long: 
peduncles 1 to 3 cm. long, slender, pubescent, usually terminal and soli- 
tary or in cymes of 3; heads 1 to 2 cm. high, subtended by many long 
spreading foliaceous bracts ; involucral bracts caudate-attenuate, ciliate or 
somewhat hirsute: rays none; disk-corollas exceeding the pales, the black 
anthers exserted : achenes narrow! y winged, constricted, with short distinct 
squamellae; the marginal achenes 3-angled, 3-awned ; those of the interior 
of the head compressed, 2-awned. — South America. Specimens exam- 
ined, — Boutvia: Guanai-Tapuani, Bang, no. 1840 (type). Dr. Rusby 
(Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, vi. pt. 1, p. 63) mentions this plant (without 
specific name or characterization) and expresses a doubt whether it should 
be included in Zexmenia on account of the foliaceous bracts of the in- 
voluere and the absence of rays. However, it is closely related in achenial 
characters to Z. wedelioides, and in general habit to several other species 
of the genus. 
2. Outer bracts not long and foliaceous : ligules present. . 
36. Z. WEDELIOIDES, Klatt. Stem woody, velvety-villous: leaves 
elliptical or ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, about 4 cm. wide, remotely serrulate, 
above scabrous, beneath villous, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse 
or rounded at the base: peduncles subumbellately clustered, short, 1 to 2 
em. long; heads generally less than- 1 cm. high; involucre subglobose}; 
bracts oblong, acute, scabrous: achenes at maturity black, those of the 
ray-flowers 3-, of the disk-flowers, 2-awned ; awns fragile, unequal, about 
