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as the elephant's, and the teeth are composed of 

 a bony substance projecting into strong obtuse 

 points to form the grinding surface, and all this 

 surface encrusted with a strong coat of enamel; 

 whereas all graminivorous animals have teeth 

 whose grinding surface is flat, and composed of 

 an intermixture of bone and enamel ; the enamel 

 running in laminae or veins from the surface to 

 the roots. In carnivorous animals the surface 

 of the enamel is constantly changing, and is 

 finally worn off and the teeth rendered useless; 

 but in graminivorous animals the veins of ena- 

 mel always present the same figure, only that in 

 youth they are regularly protuberant, and in age 

 regularly worn down by a side-motion of the 

 under jaw, which all of them have. The jaw 

 of the Mammoth was incapable of this motion, 

 as is very evident from the condyloid process, 

 which is finished with an oblong head inserted 

 into a transverse groove ; and from the teeth, 

 which are worn, not horizontally, but the lower 

 front ones on the inside, the upper front ones on 

 the outside; the lower back ones on the out- 

 side in part, and the upper back ones on the in- 

 fide in part ; in such a manner that they fit into 

 each other like the teeth of two saws, and when 

 shut are immoveable ; and hence were certainly 

 incapable of masticating, like graminivorous ani- 



