The Heermann Gull 



in the air, returns by a wide circuit and again passes over the school 

 from the rear. As the fish all swim in one direction, in a compact mass, 

 these tactics afford the gulls a decided advantage which seems to be 

 thoroughly understood." 



Dr. J. G. Cooper, an early observer, was among the first to note the 

 parasitic habits of this gull. He says: "Though quite rapid in flight, 

 and well able to supply themselves with food, they have a curious habit 

 of 'sponging' on the pelicans and large gulls. Often a long train of peli- 

 cans is seen, as the tide is rising, slowly wandering round the bay, each 

 one attended by one or more of these gulls, which are usually some dis- 

 tance behind. Whenever a pelican awkwardly plunges into the water 

 and emerges with its enormous scoop-net full of fish, its parasites are 

 sure to be ready and fearlessly seize the fish from its very jaws, the 

 stupid bird never resenting the insult, or appearing to take the least 

 notice of the little pilferer, which it could easily rid itself of by one blow, 

 or even swallow alive." 



The Heermann Gull is our most conspicuous example of what we 

 call reverse migration. That is, it goes south instead of north to breed. 



Taken at La Jolla 



THE AUGUST CONCLAVE OF ANCIENT LOAFERS 



Photo by the A uthor 

 1431 



