The Huttoti Vireo 
horn-color above, pale below. Young: Like adult, but olive of upperparts grayer, 
especially paler and grayer on sides of head and neck; underparts paler. Length 
101.6-120.6 (4.00-4.75); wing 60 (2.36); tail 48.5 (1.91); bill 8.8 (.35); tarsus 19 (.75). 
Remarks. —The characters alleged for V. li. obscurus Anthony, viz., darker 
coloration and more definite olivaceous, seem not to be supported by the evidence, 
and the form V. h. huttoni exists in unbroken uniformity from San Diego County, 
Cal., to Vancouver Island, B. C. 
Recognition Marks. —Pygmy to warbler size; dingy coloration; whitish wing- 
bars serve to distinguish bird from Vireosylva g. swainsoni, but throw it into confusion 
in summer with the Western Flycatcher ( Empidonax difficilis ), which it otherwise 
closely resembles, and in winter with the Sitkan Kinglet (Corthylio c.grinnelli). From 
the Flycatcher it may be distinguished by its shorter, narrower and yet thicker bill, 
and by its more restrained yellowness; from the Kinglet by its greater size and much 
stouter bill, more prominent wing-bars, and rather less prominent eye-ring; and from 
both by its demure ways. 
Nesting. — Nest: Chiefly of moss (gray usnea lichen); carefully lined with 
fine grasses and occasionally horsehair; suspended from forked branch at any height 
in tree, preferably live oak. Eggs: 3 or 4; white, speckled lightly, chiefly at larger 
end, with reddish brown or brownish black. Av. of 23 California-taken specimens 
in M. C. O. colls: 18 x 13.2 (.71 x .52). Season: March-July, but chiefly May and 
June; two broods. Extreme dates: Pasadena, March 7, 1896, 3 eggs, fresh (Grinnell); 
Pasadena, July 15, 1894, 4 eggs, fresh (Gaylord). 
Range of Vireo huttoni. —Western United States and Mexico. 
Range of V. h. huttoni. —Resident in the Pacific Coast district from southern 
British Columbia and Vancouver Island to San Diego County, California. 
Distribution in California. —Common resident in timbered portions of LIpper 
Sonoran zone and (northerly) of the Transition zone west of the Sierran divide. Casual 
(?) on the desert side: Victorville, Dec. 28, 1904 (J. Mailliard & J. Grinnell); Palm 
Springs, Jan. 25, 1913 (Author). Found on Catalina Island; common on Santa Cruz 
Island. 
Authorities.—Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v., 1851, p. 150; vi., pi. 
10, fig. 1 (orig. desc.; type locality Monterey); W. A. Cooper, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 
vol. iii., 1878, p. 68 (Santa Cruz; breeding habits, nest and eggs ) \ Grinnell, Condor, 
vol. v., 1903, p. 157 ( Vireo mailliardorum described, from Santa Cruz Id.); ibid., 
vol. xi., 1909, p. 66 (crit., discussing V. h. oberholseri) ; ibid., vol. xxiv., 1922, p. 32 
(crit., V. h. huttoni considered as the only recognizable subspecies of Vireo huttoni in 
California and northward). 
CHU WEEM .. chuweem - chuweem, rings across the 
quiet tvoodland on a sunny winter’s day. The sound does not, at first, 
suggest a Vireo to the uninitiated; but it does command attention, and it 
demands explanation forthwith. When you have traced it to a small, 
yellowish, demure-looking bird who languidly pursues his task of bug-hunt¬ 
ing over the smaller branches of a live-oak, you will begin to suspect the 
truth; and if you are at all expert in eastern Vireonine lore, and if you 
are so fortunate as to hear the bird at close quarters, you will detect in 
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