The Hairy Woodpeckers 
the West is that of soiled or darkened underparts. The form orius occupies a mediating 
position between monticold of the northern Rockies, which is larger and has white 
underparts, and, on the one hand, hyloscopus, a smaller bird, of south coastal and in¬ 
terior California, and on the other, harrisi, a “saturated,” or brown-bellied form, from 
our northwest coast. Intergradation is, therefore, from an assumed center in Modoc 
County with hyloscopus through the northern Sierras and with harrisi through the 
Shasta region and westward. As matter of fact, the real center of distribution of this 
form is much further north, in Oregon, and it could never have been separated from 
hyloscopus on the basis of California specimens alone. 
Recognition Marks. —Towhee size; black-and-white pattern of head (io alter¬ 
nating areas of black and white viewed anteriorly at latitude of eye) with size, dis¬ 
tinctive; back not barred, as distinguished from D. scalaris cactophilus and D. nuttalli\ 
larger; a little larger than D. v. hyloscopus; much lighter below than D. v. harrisi. 
Nesting. —Much as in succeeding form. 
Range of D. villosus. —Wooded portions of North America south to Panama. 
Range of D. v. orius. —The Sierra-Cascade Mountain system from south central 
Washington to central California, and east over the lesser ranges to Nevada. 
Distribution in California. —Common resident in northeastern portion of 
State. Typically in Modoc County, shading into hyloscopus somewhere in the Tahoe 
sector, and into harrisi in the Trinity Mountains. 
Authorities.— Sclater ( Ficus harrisi ), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 3 
(near Shasta); Ray , Auk, vol. xxii., 1905, p. 365 (Tahoe region; desc. nest and eggs); 
Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xl., 1911, p. 597 (orig. desc.; Quincy). 
No. 190b Cabanis’s Woodpecker 
A. O. U. No. 393d. Dryobates villosus hyloscopus Cabanis & Heine. 
Description. —Similar to D. v. orius, but somewhat smaller. Length 203.2- 
222.25 (8.00-8.75) 1 wing 122 (4.81); tail 75 (2.95); bill 31 (1.22); tarsus 21 (.83). Female 
bill 27 (1.06). 
Remarks. —This long-recognized form exhibits the tendency toward reduction 
of size in southern birds; but this tendency is less pronounced on the Pacific Coast 
than in the East. Hyloscopus intergrades with harrisi through an indeterminable 
area north of San Francisco Bay; and with orius through a still less determinable area 
in the central northern Sierras. 
Recognition Marks. —As in preceding. 
Nesting. — Nest: An excavation in tree, either live or dead, and usually at 
moderate heights; lined sparingly with chips. Eggs: 3 to 6, usually 4; pure white. 
Av. size (subspecies not clearly distinguished) 24.9 x 18.5 (.98 x .73). Season: April- 
May (El Monte, Los Angeles Co., Mar. 25, 1900, by Antonin Jay); one brood. 
Range of D. v. hyloscopus (Chiefly within California).—The timbered districts 
of northern Lower California and southern California north Sierrawise to Mono Lake 
and the White Mountains, coastwise to Mendocino County. 
Authorities.—Vigors ( Picus villosus), Zool. Voy. “Blossom,” 1839, p. 23 (Mon¬ 
terey); Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv., heft 2, 1863, p. 69 (orig. desc.; San Jose); 
Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, vol. ii., 1895, p. 53; Beal, U. S. Dept. Agric., Biol. 
Surv. Bull., no. 34, 1910, p. 15, part (food); Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
xl., 1911, p. 597 (monogr.). 
988 
