c. Axillars and wing-linings lemon-yellow; otherwise black 



and tawny. 

 2. Length about 5 inches. 



a. Chiefly yellow and black in abruptly contrasting pattern. 



d. Black of crown less distinct by reason of olive-green back. 



General color neutral gray, 

 c. Breast only clear yellow; throat (narrowly) black. 



E. Or else at least marked with black or blackish or neutral gray 



in solid area. 



1. Chiefly black; a large white blotch on wing. 



2. Head and neck broadly blackish abruptly contrasting with 



white of underparts centrally. 



a. General color slaty black (female lighter, more brownish). 



b. Head, neck, and chest sooty black contrasting with back. 



c. Head and neck all around neutral gray; back chestnut- 



brown. 



d. Lores, chin, throat, and chest centrally black; crown neu- 



tral gray. 



F. Of nearly uniform coloration. 



1. General color cinnamon-gray; crissum mikado-brown. 



2. Olive-brown to drab; crissum abruptly tawny. 



II. Plumage (at least of adult female) conspicuously streaked in 

 some portion. 



A. Conspicuously marked with red. 



1. Smaller — length 5.50 or less; chin, lores and frontlet black. 



2. Larger — length 6 or over. 



a. Plumage rich brown bordered by rosy; streaking confined 



to middle of back. 



b. Both sexes heavily and almost uniformly streaked, but 



young(?) males more or less suffused with red. 

 (1). Red clearer, brighter, and more confined to definite 



areas. 

 (2). Red duller, more diffused, 

 (a). Crown brighter than back, 

 (b). Crown like back in color. 



B. Marked with rufous or brownish in definite clear area. 



1. Upperparts of nearljr uniform (blended) coloration (save in 



lypicus which is highly variegated); underparts more or less 

 heavily streaked. 



2. Top of head reddish brown. 



a. Above chiefly rufous, mingled (except on crown where 



almost pure) with olive-gray. 



b. Tail forked. 



(1). No black on forehead; two rather conspicuous bars of 



white on wing. 

 (2). Extreme forehead black; wing-bars inconspicuous. 



c. Tail rounded; back heavily striped with black; under 



plumage, except chin and throat,' heavily washed with 

 brownish gray. 



3. Cervical collar chestnut. 



a. Entire head, throat and chest black. 



b. Head black, white and buff. 



4. Bend of wing "bay" (sayal brown). 



C. Conspicuously marked with yellow. 



1 . Flight-feathers and rectrices sulphur-yellow at base. 



2. A broad crown-patch pyrite yellow (or dull olive-yellow, int.). 



D. Marked with definite black area. 



1. Chin, throat and breast, broadly, black; pileum mouse-gray. 



2. Head, throat and chest black; nape chestnut. 



3. Crown, sides of neck and breast black; throat buffy. 



4. "Face," chin and upper throat black; underparts neutral 



gray. 



5. Top of head, face, broadly, and throat black, the color break- 



ing up posteriorly; belly white. 



E. Streaked sparrows marked by other sharply distinguishing 



characters. 



74. Black-headed Grosbeak. 



29. Willow Goldfinch. 



30. Green-backed Goldfinch. 



31. Lawrence's Goldfinch. 



38. Lark Bunting. 



50. Slate-colored Junco. 



51. Oregon Junco. 



52. Gray-headed Junco. 

 47. Desert Sparrow. 



68. Albert's Towhee. 



69. Brown Towhee. 



27. Common Redpoll. 



26. Sierra Nevada Rosy Finch. 



34. California Linnet. 



32. Cassin's Purple Finch. 



33. California Purple Finch. 



65. Fox Sparrow. 



46. Rufous-crowned Sparrow. 



53. Western Tree Sparrow. 



54. Western Chipping Sparrow. 



64. Swamp Sparrow. 



36. Alaska Longspur. 



37. Chestnut-collared Longspur. 

 40. Vesper Sparrow. 



28. Pine Siskin. 



58. Golden-crowned Sparrow. 



35. English Sparrow. 



36. Alaska Longspur. 



37. Chestnut-collared Longspur. 



55. Black-chinned Sparrow. 

 57. Harris's Sparrow. 



2077 



