a. Crown ochraceous orange. 



b. Crown much like back. 



(i). Superciliary white; underparts whitish; throat nearly 



immaculate. 

 (2). Superciliary and underparts tinged with yellow; throat 

 spotted. 

 II. Underparts without streaks. 



A. Plumage chiefly or conspicuously yellow. 



1. Length over 7; anterior underparts bright yellow. 



2. Length under 6. 



a. Entire head slaty or dark gray. 



b. Forehead and cheeks black. 



c. Crown-patch, if any, lustrous black. 



d. Throat broadly black; two white wing-bars. . 

 (1). Head clear yellow. 



(2). Top of head "warbler-green" (olivaceous). 



e. Pileum and hind neck bluish ash. 



f. Forehead above and on sides neutral gray; a partially con- 



cealed crown-spot of chestnut. 



g. A concealed crown-spot of orange. 



B. Upperparts chiefly light neutral gray. 



I. A partially concealed patch on crown, and upper tail-coverts 

 chestnut. 

 Crown-patch chestnut; rump lemon-yellow. 

 Upperparts green-blue-gray, spotted with black; forehead, 

 throat, breast and sides black; a white blotch on wing 

 (diagnostic for female). 

 Crown olive-yellow; sides chestnut. 



Plumage chiefly black, with patches of salmon-red (dull 

 yellow, female and young male). 



C. 



D. 

 E. 



95. Oven-bird. 



96. Louisiana Water-Thrush. 



97. Alaska Water-Thrush. 



99. Western Chat. 



94. Tolmie's Warbler. 



98. Yellow-throat. 

 100. Wilson's Warbler. 



91. Hermit Warbler. 



90. Black-throated Green Warbler. 



78. Tennessee Warbler. 



80. Calaveras Warbler. 



79. Orange-crowned Warbler. 



81. Lucy's Warbler. 



82. Virginia's Warbler. 



85. Black-throated Blue Warbler. 

 92. Chestnut-sided Warbler. 



101. American Redstart. 



Family 6. Hirundinid^e. Swallows. 



Small to medium-sized Passeres, having 9 primaries, chiefly lengthened (the longest always more than twice as 

 long as the longest secondary); bill flattened, small, triangular in vertical aspect; culmen minutely hooked at tip and 

 notched subterminally; gape deeply cleft; rictal bristles few, short, or wanting; feet small and weak; tarsi short, 

 chiefly scutellate. Eggs 3-8, white, immaculate, or spotted. A cosmopolitan family of over 100 species, of which 

 7 Californian. 



I. Upperparts brown or brownish gray without metallic reflections; 

 underparts white. 



A. A brownish gray band across chest. 



B. Breast and sides suffused with brownish. 

 II. Plumage of upperparts with metallic luster. 



A. Nearly unicolored; underparts like back, or merely lighter 



shaded (female). 



B. Throat rufous, chestnut or brownish. 



1. Tail deeply forked. 



2. Tail not forked; upper tail-coverts rufous or buffy. 



C. Underparts entirely white. 



1. Upperparts slaty blue or steely green. 



2. LTpperparts bronzy green and violet. 



105. Bank Swallow. 



104. Rough-winged Swallow. 



102. Western Martin. 



106. Barn Swallow. 



103. Cliff Swallow. 



107. Tree Swallow. 



108. Violet-green Swallow. 



Family 7. Ampelid^e. Waxwings. 



Medium-sized Passeres having 10 primaries, the outermost minute; tail shorter than wing; bill short, stout, 

 slightly hooked and notched at tip; nostrils nearly concealed by dense velvety feathering; plumage soft and exquisitely 

 graduated and blended in coloring; head with a conspicuous crest; tips of shafts of secondaries and sometimes rec- 

 trices (of two species) ornamented by horny appendages which have the appearance of red sealing-wax. Eggs 4-6, 

 dull bluish gray, sharply and sparingly spotted with black. A small homogeneous group of 3 species, of sub-Arctic 

 and North Temperate range, 2 Californian. 



I. Larger; throat black; wings spotted with white. 109. Bohemian Waxwing. 



II. Smaller; throat brown; no white on wings. 110. Cedar Waxwing. 



Family 8. Ptilogonatid^e. Silky Flycatchers. 



Moderate-sized Passeres having 10 primaries, the outermost well developed (but not more than as long as 9th); 

 wings. short, rounded; tail lengthened, fan-shaped; bill short, flattened, and deeply cleft; rictal bristles well developed; 

 tarsus scutellate; plumage silky, lustrous, often blended, never spotted, even in immature. Eggs 2 or 3, gray, finely 

 speckled. An exclusively "Middle American" family of 4 species, 1 Californian. 



111. Phainopepla. 



20J9 



