B. Gular area blue, or only obscurely yellowish on borders; 



blacker, more lustrous, with violet or steel-blue reflections. 



II. Smaller; iris red. Shining black, or with conspicuous white 



flank-patches in breeding season only; bill much smaller. 397. Baird's Cormorant. 



396. Brandt's Cormorant. 



Family 4. Pelecanid^e. Pelicans. 



Giant-sized birds having bills and gular pouches extraordinarily developed. Found on coastal and major in- 

 terior waters, and breeding in colonies. A wide-ranging group of 9 or 10 species, of which 2 Californian. 



I. Plumage chiefly white. 398. White Pelican. 



II. Plumage chiefly brown. 399. California Brown Pelican. 



Family 5. Fregatid^e. Man-o'-war-birds. 



An aberrant raptorial, parasitic group of two closely related species, having stout hooked beaks; small feet; 

 long forked tails; and greatly lengthened, powerful wings. They are unsurpassed in wing power, and range widely 

 over the open seas. An occasional visitant to California is 



400. Pacific Man-o'-war-bird. 



Order 20. PROCELLARIIFORMES. Petrels, etc. 



Family 1. Diomediid^. Albatrosses. 



Size largest, that of a goose; wings long and narrow, with numerous flight-feathers (up to 50). Flying powers 

 unsurpassed, and sea range least limited. Build open nests in vast colonies on uninhabited islands, chiefly in South 

 Temperate Zone. Many geographical races, and about a dozen good species, of which 2 Californian. 



I. Larger, averaging 3 feet in length; plumage (of adult) chiefly 



white; bill and feet light-colored. 402. Short-tailed Albatross. 



II. Smaller, averaging about 32 inches; plumage of adult and young 



sooty black; bill dark; feet black. 401. Black-footed Albatross. 



Family 2. Procellariid;e. Petrels, etc. 



Small to large Procellarids, having nostrils united in one double-barrelled tube laid along culmen at base. Family 

 otherwise of diverse character and appearance, but color pattern "low," and distinctions within the sub-groups diffi- 

 cult. Tireless watchers of the sea, migrating in immense hordes (Shearwaters), or fluttering over the surface of the 

 ocean in fashion all but independent (Petrels). About 100 species, of which 14 "Californian" by reason of capture 

 in contiguous waters — only 4, all Oceanodromce, "resident" as breeders. 



I. Larger, length 12 inches or more. 



A. Mandible not down-turned at tip. 



1. Bill stout, not lamellate; appearance gull-like. 403. Fulmar. 



2. Bill flattened, lamellate, not gull-like. 404. Pintado Petrel. 



B. Mandible down-turned at tip. 



1. Nasal tube short, flattened, and terminating obliquely. 



a. Two-colored, dark type, white below. 

 (1). Largest, length about 18.00; slate-colored above. 

 (2). Middle-sized, length 16.50; paler (dark gray) above; 



white on inner webs of primaries. 410. 



(3). Smallest, length about 12.00. 406. 



b. Nearly uniform sooty brown or blackish. 

 (1). Largest, length above 19.50; wing-linings sooty brown; 



tarsi and toes flesh-color. 408. 



(2). Not so large, length about 18.30; wing-linings white; 



tarsi and toes black and yellow. 407. 



(3). Smallest, length about 15.50; wing-lining restrictedly 



white; "feet and legs light gray and dusky." 409. 



2. Nasal tube ending abruptly, somewhat as in Fulmar. 411 



II. Smaller, length less than 10 inches. 

 A. Tarsus little, if any, longer than middle toe and claw. 



405. Pink-footed Shearwater. 



New Zealand Shearwater. 

 Black-vented Shearwater. 



Flesh-footed Shearwater. 



Dark-bodied Shearwater. 



Slender-billed Shearwater. 

 Black-tailed Shearwater. 



1. General plumage bluish gray. 



2. General plumage blackish. 



a. Upper tail-coverts white. 



b. No white anywhere. 



(1). Smaller; plumbeous black. 

 (2). Larger; more definitely black. 

 . Tarsus much longer than middle toe and claw. 



412. Fork-tailed Petrel. 



413. Leach's Petrel. 



414. Coues's Petrel. 



415. Black Petrel. 



416. Wilson's Petrel. 



2095 



