Order 21. GAVLE. 

 Family Gaviid;e. Loons. 



Characters those of the order. 4 species, 3 Californian. 



I. Larger, about 3 inches. 417. Common Loon. 



II. Smaller, length about 26 inches. 



A. Throat black (summer); not white-spotted above in winter. 418. Pacific Loon. 



B. Throat red (summer); back spotted with white in winter. 419. Red-throated Loon. 



Order 22. PODICIPEDES. 

 Family Podicipedid^e. Grebes. 



Characters those of the order. About 25 species, 5 Californian. 



I. Larger. 



A. Length about 26 inches; neck lengthened. 420. Western Grebe. 



B. Length about 19 inches; neck stouter. 421. Holboell's Grebe. 



II. Smaller, length about 13 inches. 



A. Bill slender, black. 



1. Bill stouter, not flattened at base; fore-neck cinnamon-ru- 



fous (in summer); upperparts grayish dusky (winter). 422. Horned Grebe. 



2. Bill slenderer, slightly flattened at base; neck entirely black 



(summer); upperparts grayish black, the breast washed 



with dusky. 423. American Eared Grebe. 



B. Bill stout, light-colored, crossed midway by dark band. 424. Pied-billed Grebe. 



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