On the Pliocene Deposits of the East of England. 353 



arenaceous parts of the Old Radnor Group. The hedding of the 

 grits is much obscured by crushing, and the rock is sometimes 

 brecciated. Descriptions of microscopic sections of the rock are 

 given in the paper and the specimens are grits, the materials of which 

 are mainly derived from gneissic and igneous rocks. The uncon- 

 formity of the grits to the Woolhope Limestone Series, and the dis- 

 similarity of the grits to the May Hill Sandstones of Presteign are 

 the chief facts relied upon by the author to establish the pre- 

 Cambrian age of the Old Radnor Series ; while the occurrence of 

 the rocks on the strike of the Longmynd, their position with regard 

 to the prolongation of the Church Stretton Fault, and their relations 

 to the Ordovician and Silurian rocks of the area, are in favour of a 

 comparison with the Longmyndian rocks. The lithological resem- 

 blances between the Old Radnor Series and the typical Longmyndian 

 are very well marked. Neither the rocks of the Old Radnor Series 

 nor those of the Woolhope Series are affected by any metamorphic 

 change. 



The grits and shaly beds of Huntley are unlike the May Hill 

 Sandstones of that district, and as they occur along the axis of the 

 anticline, and lithologically resemble the rocks of the Longmynd, it 

 is highly probable that they also are of Longmyndian age. 



May 9th.— J. J. H. Teall, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. ' The Pliocene Deposits of the East of England. Pt. II. :— 

 The Crag of Essex (Waltonian), and its Relation to that of Suffolk 

 and Norfolk.' By F. W. Harmer, Esq., F.G.S. With a Report 

 on the Inorganic Constituents of the Crag by Joseph Lomas, Esq., 

 F.G.S. 



The term ' Red Crag,' including, as it does, beds differing con- 

 siderably in age, is vague, and, when we attempt to correlate the 

 East Anglian deposits with those of other countries, inconvenient ; 

 the Scaldisian zone of Belgium, for example, with its southern 

 fauna, representing one part of it, and the Amstelian of Holland, 

 in which Arctic shells are common, another. While retaining the 

 name for general use, therefore, the following more definite classi- 

 fication of its various horizons, and of those of the English Pliocene 

 generally, is proposed (see p. 354). 



The line separating the Older and Newer Pliocene is now drawn 

 by the author between the Lenham Beds, containing Area diluvii 

 and other characteristic Miocene species of the North Sea (or of the 

 Italian Pliocene), and the Coralline Crag, the latter being considered 

 as the oldest member of a more or less continuous and closely con- 

 nected series of Newer Pliocene age. The palaeontological difference 

 between the Coralline and Walton Crags is shown to be less than 

 has hitherto been supposed. 



The upper Crag-deposits arrange themselves in horizontal and 

 not in vertical sequence, assuming always a more boreal and more 

 recent character as they are traced from south to north. They are 



