History of Canal and River Navigations. 201 



long and 5*20 metres (17ft.) broad, accommodating barges 

 of 250 to 300 tons. All others are placed in the second class. 

 (3) In reference to distance the map gives : (a) The dis- 

 tance between intermediate points, centres of trade and 

 junctions; {b) the total length of navigations, or portions 

 thereof, from the terminus ; (c) the distance from the origin 

 of the system, whether taken from Paris, Nantes, or Bor- 

 deaux. Special maps, to a larger scale, show the canals to 

 the north, the manufacturing district ; also in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Paris and Nancy. 



The letterpress of the guide is divided into five parts : — 

 (1) Sets forth the decrees and regulations binding upon 

 the officials and the public. (2) An alphabetical list of all 

 the waterways, giving, in a tabular form, the length, depth, 

 number and size of locks, number of bridges and tunnels, 

 with the headway available under these; also additional 

 observations as to the depth when variable, and other 

 information useful to the navigator. (3) A table of dis- 

 tances along each route, giving the principal places and 

 distance from the starting point of the system, the facilities 

 offered for navigation, the class of boats in general use, the 

 regulations in force, and other information of a kindred 

 nature. (4) An alphabetical list of the places mentioned in 

 the table of distances, with a reference to the page on which 

 they are to be found. (5) Longitudinal sections of the 

 principal waterways to scale, showing the position and 

 number of the locks, coloured to show which are river and 

 which are canal navigations. 



In both Belgium and Holland the waterways are main- 

 tained in a high state of efficiency. The Governments of these 

 countries also publish a canal guide, which gives full parti- 

 culars of the navigation, enabling a merchant or boatman to 

 act with confidence in any question of conveyance by water, 

 not only within the State but across the frontiers of adjoining 

 nations. I have brought these for inspection. In England, 



