304 LIFE OF DA VID LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. 



none ; now this must be bad, unjust, and wrong.' All shouted to this a loud 

 ' ehe,' equivalent to our ' hear, hear.' 



" Next the headmen, Kanyata, and Tuba, with his loud voice, are heard 

 taking up the subject on the loyal side." 



" ' The chief is the father of the people ; can there be people without a 

 father, eh ? God made the chief. Who says that the chief is not wise ? He 

 is wise, but his children are fools.' ' Tuba goes on generally till he has 

 silenced all opposition ; and if his arguments are not always sound, his voice 

 is the loudest, and he is sure to have the last word. " 



About five o'clock in the morning the camp was astir ; the blankets were 

 folded and stowed away in bags ; the fumbas and cooking pots were fixed on 

 the end of the carrying sticks, which were borne on the shoulders. The 

 cook carried the cooking utensils used for the Englishmen; and after a cup of 

 tea or coffee, the whole party were on the march before sunrise. 



At nine, breakfast was prepared at a convenient spot. In the middle of 

 the day there was a short rest, and early in the afternoon they pitched their 

 camp — the white men going a-hunting if food was required, and examining 

 the neighbourhood. Their rate of progress was about two and a half miles an 

 hour as the crow flies, and their daily march lasted about six hours. After 

 several days of this, the natives complained of being fatigued, even when well 

 fed with fresh meat. They lacked the stamina and endurance of the 

 Europeans, although travelling in their own country. 



In the Chicova plains, a chief named Chitora brought the party a present 

 of food and drink, because, he said, " He did not wish us to sleep hungry : 

 he had heard of Dr. Livingstone when he passed down, and had a great 

 desire to see and converse with him ; but he was a child then, and could not 

 speak in the presence of great men. He was glad that he had seen the Eng- 

 lish now, and was sorry that his people were away, or he should have made 

 them cook for us." Here and at other places they noticed that the natives 

 filtered their water through sand, even although at the time the water of the 

 river was clear and limpid. During the flood as the water is polluted with 

 all sorts of filth collected near the native villages, the filtering process is very 

 necessary. 



Of the effect the white men have upon the native population on a first 

 encounter, Dr. Livingstone says : — 



" There must be something in the appearance of white men frighfully 

 repulsive to the unsophisticated natives of Africa ; for, on entering villages 

 previously unvisited by Europeans, if we met a child coming quietly and 

 unsuspectingly towards us, the moment he raised his eyes, and saw the men in 

 ' bags ' (trousers), he would take to his heels in an agony of terror, such as 

 we might feel if we met a live Egyptian mummy at the door of the British 

 Museum. Alarmed by the child's wild outcries, the mother rushes out of her 



