376 LIFE OF DA VI D LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. 



by two or even one dark crouching form, frightened at the appearance of the 

 stranger, it seems as if the denizens of such a wilderness were ashamed to be 

 found there — as if it were an intrusion on a solitude which is too real. To 

 confirm tbis the traveller has but to set foot amongst the mangroves ; all the 

 outward trim order vanishes in an instant. It is a deceitful garb of green, 

 hung over a tangle of poles — living, dying, and dead — which stick out of a 

 sickening, filthy mud bed, defying the searcher to venture many yards. 



Passing up the river deserted houses on every side told that the hold of 

 the Portuguese in the country had become most precarious. At Shupanga they 

 picked up a native who had been one of the crew of the Pioneer. His English 

 name was John Gaitty. His delight at seeing Mr. Young was most unbounded, 

 and he very willingly agreed to join the party. Mr. Faulkner and Mr. Young 

 visited Mrs. Livingstone's grave under the large Baobab tree at Shupanga, 

 and several of Mr. Young's old comrades on the Shire " fetched their hoes and 

 cleared all the grass away from it for us." The greatest respect seemed to be 

 shown for the memory of one so dear to a man whose fame is fair and clear 

 both to friend and former foe wherever our steps lead us. . . Before start- 

 ing I saw to the plastering and white-washing of the tomb, and having paid 

 the men who performed this duty, we started up the river." 



At Senna the ruin which had befallen the Portuguese settlements afforded 

 Mr. Young the subject for wise reflections. He says : — 



" In former times it was tenanted by a little group of slave and ivory 

 dealers, Senhor Ferrao standing out in bold relief for his well-known hos- 

 pitality to all comers, and his universal goodness to his slaves. We were 

 grieved to hear he was no more, but his son received us most hospitably. 

 From him we gathered that the Landbeen Kaffres had not only destroyed the 

 once important town of Tete on the right bank of the river above us, but that 

 they had also killed one hundred and thirty of the European convict troops 

 and three officers, taking the Governor prisoner into the bargain. Sorry as 

 we naturally felt for the loss of life, it was a source of gratification to learn 

 that this nucleus of infamy had at last been done away with. 



" Tete had hitherto been the great head-quarters of a slave traffic which 

 had brought desolation into the country in which we were about to travel. 

 From this land, to the north of Tete, women and children were collected, no 

 matter at what cost of life and bloodshed, to be transported to the tribes on 

 the south of the Zambesi, in exchange for ivory. These tribes to whom they 

 were thus sold as slaves, had been so long at war that hardly any but the fighting 

 men remained. The traders' ready sagacity saw that, instead of paying enor- 

 mous import duties on calico, beads, muskets, etc., if they could only collect 

 these poor things instead, and make barter goods of them, all such drawbacks 

 would be avoided. Livingstone's discoveries, his free roamings through the 

 Shire uplands, his reports of a teeming population, industrious and peaceable, 



