410 LIFE OF DA VI D LIVINGSTONE, LL.R 



" Besides the above products, cloves, cotton, bajra, sorghum, coffee, 

 tobacco, seesamum, nutmeg, red pepper, betel-nut, catchoo-nut, jack-fruit, 

 papan, almond, pomegranate, and the castor-oil plant, were all seen growing. 

 To remark upon a few : — The mango tree, met with everywhere, is splendidly- 

 umbrageous, more lofty than the variety seen in Indian topes, and not so 

 brittle. It yields two crops yearly of stringy fruit ; but there are better sorts, 

 such as those from Pemba Island, to be procured. The clove tree is planted in 

 rows, twenty feet apart, and after it has grown to the height of thirty feet, it 

 seems to die, as if from the effects of ants. Cotton we rarely saw. The 

 cocoa-nut is the most common tree in the country, the husk, we observed, 

 being used as firewood, and a capital salad is made from the crown of the 

 trunk. The Arabs allow their slaves to cultivate the manioc gratis, under the 

 cocoa-nut trees, in payment for gathering the harvests of mango, cloves, etc. 

 The growth of the ground-nut is very curious, creeping close to the ground, 

 with a yellow flower, and leaf resembling clover. On the flower withering, 

 the pod grows underground, when it matures. The coffee-tree grows luxuri- 

 antly, and the sugar-cane is very fine ; pomegranate does not seem to succeed. 

 The boundaries of farms are often marked by the castor-oil bush." Captain 

 Grant arrived at Zanzibar in time to witness and compel the execution of two 

 of the murderers of Dr. Roscher, a German traveller, who was murdered in the 

 neighbourhood of Lake Nyassa, in 1858, by natives, who coveted Iris scientific 

 instruments and his small supply of stores. The Sultan of the country in 

 which the offence took place sent four of the natives implicated to Zanzibar 

 for trial. Two of them were sentenced to be decapitated, and the remaining 

 two got a free pardon. The Sultan was afraid to carry the sentence into execu- 

 tion; and when they were brought to suffer, on the 23rd of August, and 

 were squatted outside the fort wall, naked to the waist, no order had come to 

 proceed with the execution. After the prisoners had remained in this position 

 for a considerable time, " a jail official announced that the Sultan wished the 

 Sahib to give the order, and I informed Colonel Rigby of the circumstances. 

 He at once saw through the timidity of the Sultan, and said, as the sentence 

 had been passed weeks ago, he could give no orders about it. Returning to the 

 place of execution, where both men still sat, we found the mob had increased. 

 An Arab boldly asked me, ' Why should two men suffer for one white ?' On 

 my remarking that ' Sooner or later the men must suffer — the sun was broiling 

 over the poor creature's heads — would it not be a charity to go on with the 

 execution ?' the reply was, ' They are mere animals, and have no feeling.' 

 Still no one would give the order. Again the Sultan was applied to. A rush 

 was now rudely made upon the crowd by half-a-dozen handsomely dressed 

 Arabs, brandishing their shields and swords. I thought it was a rescue, but 

 kept my place ; and it appeared they only wanted to get up to the prisoners, 

 around whom every one laughed heartily at the momentary panic. Here one 



