CHAPTER XXI. 



Sir Bartle Frere's Expedition, and its results — Abolition of Slavery on the Gold 

 Coast — Expeditions sent to assist Dr. Livingstone — His Death — Some Account 

 of his Family, etc. 



DR. LIVINGSTONE'S letters, received through Mr. Stanley, drew such 

 a frightful picture of the horrors of the East African slave-trade, that 

 our Government determined to use its powerful influence with the Sultan of 

 Zanzibar for its suppression. 



It will be as well that we should here give a brief account of how it 

 came about that the English Government recognised Stanley in any form on 

 the East Coast of Africa up to the date of which we are now treating. 



In 1822 the attention of the British Government was called to the exten- 

 sive traffic in slaves then being carried on by the subjects of the Imaun of 

 Muscat. Instead of insisting upon the complete suppression of the traffic. 

 the British Government, by a treaty with the Imaun, dated September 10th, 

 1822, recognised slavery as a domestib institution within his dominions, but 

 declared that the traffic in slaves between the ports in his dominions and 

 foreign countries should no longer be permitted. At that time the dominions 

 of the Imaun of Muscat, in addition to the petty state of Muscat, comprised 

 that portion of the East African Coast, extending from Cape Delgado, 11° 

 south latitude, to the port of Jubb, about 1° south of the Equator, and in- 

 cluded the large islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, and Monfia. By this treaty the 

 Imaun was strictly prohibited from importing slaves from his African to his 

 Asiatic dominions. When the Imaun, who was a party to this treaty, died, 

 his dominions were divided between his two sons, the one succeeding to the 

 Persian and the old title, and the other to the African territory under the 

 title of the Sultan of Zanzibar. As the African dominions were more exten- 

 sive and wealthy than the Asiatic, the Sultan of Zanzibar agreed to pay to 

 the Imaun of Muscat an annual subsidy of £8,000 sterling. We now know 

 that this subsidy was derived from the royalty exacted from the slave-traders. 



The slave-trade within the dominions of the Sultan of Zanzibar is carried 

 on by the Arabs, although the Banyans, who are British subjects, furnish the 

 money for it, and receive the largest share of the profits. For every slave 

 landed at Zanzibar the Sultan received a royalty of two dollars. Writing of 



