604 LIFE OF DA VID LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. 



Many of those employed as porters only receive rations whilst on journeys, 

 and when not travelling have to live by plunder. Of the relations between 

 the various tribes there is little to be said ; the agricultural people seldom 

 make war on each other, unless they get mixed up with the quarrels of the 

 Arabs, to any great extent ; predatory tribes prey on all others indiscrimin- 

 ately, carrying off slaves, and murdering all who attempt to resist ; the cattle 

 they slaughter at once, and find a ready market for their slaves among the 

 Arab traders and tribes with whom they are not actually warring. I am 

 afraid that stopping the export of slaves, although it will diminish the evil in 

 the districts around the Nyassa, from whence Kilwa draws its principal sup- 

 lies, will only exacerbate it elsewhere by causing many now engaged in that 

 trade to settle in the interior, where they will become slaveholders and 

 traders afresh. In conclusion, let me add that, in my belief, this internal slave- 

 trade will continue to increase until proper means of communication are 

 opened up, and the country brought under the influence of civilisation and 

 legitimate commerce." 



Lieutenant Cameron has thus achieved the honour of solving one of the 

 great African problems, which previous explorers had failed to solve, by his 

 discovery of the long-looked for outlet, which all physical geographers had 

 agreed must exist, as in no other way could the sweetness of the water be 

 accounted for. 



The further discovery of the course of the Congo will be the greatest 

 achievement that remains to be done on that continent ; for the difficulties 

 are so serious that they can scarcely be exaggerated, and it will call forth 

 qualities of no ordinary kind to surmount them. Cameron's first idea was to 

 have obtained some light canoes, and to have followed down the outlet from 

 its commencement. He subsequently appears to have determined to make 

 direct for Nyangwe, across the Manyuema country, and to descend the great 

 river from that point. He started from Ujiji on his lonely and chivalrous 

 expedition, on the 20th of last May, and surely he will take the hearty good 

 wishes of all true Englishmen with him. The undertaking will necessarily 

 involve great expense, towards which the Council of the Royal Geographical 

 Society has headed the Cameron Expedition Fund by a subscription of £500. 

 Many other sympathisers have also come forward, and the amount already 

 subscribed is £994, or, including the grant of the Council, £1 ; 494. 



Lieutenant Grrandy, who, by the munificence of Mr. Young, of Kelly, 

 was sent to try and meet Livingstone on the Congo, by penetrating from the 

 West Coast by way of Ambriz and Bembe, has found greater difficulty of 

 penetrating into the interior of the country by that route, and from his com- 

 paratively early recall on account of the death of Livingstone, he has been 

 unable, apparently, to achieve any great geographical discovery. His opi- 

 nion of the Congo is, that there are two main branches, the southern one 



