858 LI FE OF DA VID LI VI NG STONE, LL.D. 



an hospital, and accommodation for travellers, who were always most kindly 

 and liberally entertained by the brethren. They proposed, when he (Sir 

 Bartle Frere) visited them in 1873, to establish a station some miles inland, 

 clear of the coast of swamps, and about a stage or two on the great road to 

 the interior, but he had not yet heard whether their intention had been car- 

 ried out. 



Livingstonia, at the south end of the Lake Nyassa, had been esta- 

 blished within the last two years by the Free Church of Scotland, which 

 raised more than £10,000 for the purpose. It was under the superintend- 

 ence of the Rev. Dr. Stewart and Mr. Young, R. N., both friends and 

 former companions of Livingstone, and possessing great African experience. 

 They had two ordained missionaries and eight lay assistants, agriculturists, 

 engineers, weavers, carpenters, and a seaman who assisted Mr. Young in the 

 management of the small steamer which they brought up the rivers Zambesi 

 and Shire, carried in pieces round the falls of the latter river, and with which 

 they had circumnavigated Lake Nyassa, They found that it extended a 

 hundred miles further north than was supposed, and that it fully answered in 

 every respect Livingstone's description as capable of becoming either a great 

 facility for carrying on the slave trade, or an important means of checking 

 it. The mere presence of the English steamer in its waters was stated to 

 have already produced a great effect. The Established Church of Scotland 

 had already taken steps for placing a mission on the shores of the Lake 

 Nyassa in close proximity to their brethren of the Free Church. They had 

 raised £5,000, and despatched Mr. Henderson in company with the Free 

 Church Expedition to choose a site for the future settlement. An ordained 

 missionary and five or six assistants were about to follow. 



The London Missionary Society, which originally sent out Drs. Living- 

 stone and Moffat, had determined to establish a mission, and had collected 

 a fund of nearly £8,000 for the purpose. They had deputed the Rev. Mr. 

 Price, grandson of Dr. Moffat, and possessed of considerable missionary ex- 

 perience on the Cape frontier, to visit the Zanzibar coast and prepare for 

 receiving a party of six or eight members of the mission, who will leave 

 England early in the spring to join him. The party was to consist of Lieut. 

 S. Gr. Smith, R.N., two ordained missionaries, one of them educated as a 

 medical man, two engineers, a carpenter, and a blacksmith. It was impos- 

 sible to exaggerate the value of wheeled carriages in such a country as 

 Africa. It would go far to obviate the necessity for porters carrying loads 

 on their heads and shoulders, which was one incitement to slave hunting, as 

 such porters at present afforded the only means for carrying the ivory to the 

 coast. There could be but little doubt that if carts or waggons could be in- 

 troduced, and tracks cleared to afford them passage, the civilising effect on the 

 country between the ocean and the lake districts would be great and im- 



