TRADITIONS AND HYPOTHESES. 905 



Urimba, flowing westward into a valley, was met by the Lukuga flowing 

 eastward, and its waters, driven backwards by the easterly flowing river, 

 spread over the valley, and formed the Tanganyika. Hence the Luwegeri 

 is termed the mother of the Lukuga. The Wagubba have also their tale, 

 which is that a long time ago, near Urungu, there was a small hill, hollow 

 within and very deep, full of water. This hill one day burst, and the water 

 spread over the land, becoming a lake. 



" The chief at the mouth of the Lukuga says that formerly that opening 

 was a small river flowing into the Tanganyika, receiving many others as it 

 descended towards the lake, but that the Tanganyika, filling up, 'swallowed' 

 the Lukuga and made it a small lake or feeder of the Tanganyika, which 

 until two years a°:o, during the rainy season, discharged its surplus water 

 into the basin. During the last two years, however, the Tanganyika has 

 risen so high that the neutral ground visible last rainy season between the 

 creek-mouth and the Lukuga proper flowing to Rua has been inundated, so 

 that the two Lukugas have become one. 



" From traditions we may proceed to hypotheses, which, as will be seen, 

 have been as wild as the native tales. Mr. Cooley, a member of the Royal 

 Geographical Society, on the strength of an acquaintance with a half-caste 

 Arab who had traded to certain parts in Central Africa, wrote the results of 

 what he had gathered in his ' Inner Africa Laid Open,' wherein those who 

 run may read and find much unwisdom, as has since been conclusively proved. 

 The Tanganyika, according to Mr. Cooley, is connected with Nyassa. 

 Livingstone also, the first of African explorers, was greatly misled and greatly 

 in error about the Tanganyika. He said he tested a current during three 

 months by means of water plants, which kept continually drifting northward. 

 Misled by these, he constantly wrote and spoke about Upper and Lower 

 Tanganyika. The Upper was supposed to be the Albert-Nyanza, the Lower, 

 Burton's Tanganyika. So certain was he of this, thatwhen he and I proceeded 

 to explore North Tanganyika he spoke to me about continuing down the river 

 as far as the Albert-Nyanza. Since this last circumnavigating voyage of mine 

 I do not wonder at all that Livingstone was so firm in his belief, for at the 

 extreme south end, and far up the west coast, I find he had made diligent search 

 for the outlet. On foot he trudged from Cazembe's country to the frontier of 

 Ugubba, and only took boat then to proceed by water to Ujiji. On his last 

 march I also find that he made his direct way to the Tanganyika. I have not 

 seen his journals, though no doubt they have been published by this. From 

 Ponda's village, as far as Ukituta, I find he has coasted along the lake. 

 Camp after camp was shown to me, and it appears that he only desisted from 

 search when he had united his last route to his former one. From all this it 

 is apparent that he made strenuous efforts to discover the lake's outlet, though 

 unfortunately — the more's the pity after such courageous striving — without 

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